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Noun. General knowledge about nouns: declensions. Numbers and cases. Prepositions. Conjunctions. Prescription

While studying this topic, you will:

  • get information about nouns;
  • get acquainted with the grammatical form of the nouns of the 1st declension;
  • learn how to write prescriptions and write out the terms with attributes.

The lesson is divided into several sections:

  • grammatical categories of the noun. Nouns of the 1st declension;
  • grammatical patterns (Pattern 1: the direct object; Pattern 2: uncoordinated attribute);
  • prepositions in the nomenclature of medicinal plants and in prescriptions.

DECLENSIONS
(are defined by the ending of the Genitive case singular)
I
II
III
IV
V
f
m/n
f/m/n
m/n
f

Grammatical categories of the noun

1st Declension

Nouns ending with the vowel -a in the Nominative Singular and with -ae in the Genitive Singular (e.g., gutta, ae — drop) belong to the 1st declension. They are all of a feminine gender. For example: herba, ae f (herb, трава).

Some of the words of the Greek origin belong to the 1st declension. They end with in the Nominative Singular and in -es in the Genitive Singular. Such nouns are all feminine. For example: Aloё, ёs f (aloe, алоэ).

Dictionary form. In the dictionary, every noun has got two word forms: Nominative and Genitive. The Genitive case is not mentioned completely (only its ending). In addition, the dictionary states the gender of the noun in the abbreviated form.

  • gutta, ae f — drop — капля (Ist declension)
  • medicamentum, i n — medicine — лекарство (IInd declension)
  • liquor, oris m — liquid — жидкость (IIIrd declension)
  • fructus, us m — fruit — плод (IVth declension)
  • species, ei f — species — вид (Vth declension)

Memorize the endings of the 1st declension nouns in all cases

In Latin we divide the nouns into 5 groups (declensions) and each noun belonging to the particular declension is declined in the same way. These declensions are distinguished according to their basic sound (the sound at the end of the part of the word which is left after the removal of the Genitive plural ending).

 
Sample
Gen. Plur.
Group 1: 1st declension -a- stems
gutta
gutt-a-rum

Casus
Singularis
Pluralis
Nom.
-a
-ae
Gen.
-ae
-arum
Dat.
-ae
-is
Acc.
-am
-as
Abl.
-a
-is

NB. According to the tradition of the Pharmacopeia, the names of medicinal plants and drugs are usually capitalised.

The example of the declension of the uncoordinated attribute

Casus
Singularis
Pluralis
Nom.
gutta Menthae
guttae Menthae
Gen.
guttae Menthae
guttarum Menthae
Dat.
guttae Menthae
guttis Menthae
Acc.
guttam Menthae
guttas Menthae
Abl.
gutta Menthae
guttis Menthae

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