- Visual examination of the preparation to determine the structures visible to the naked eye, including various layers and foci for subsequent microscopic examination.
- Examination of the preparation under a low magnification microscope (10× lens) to determine the staining method, type of tissue, organ, and the nature of structural changes.
- Examination of the preparation under high magnification (20×, 40× lenses) to clarify the morphological details of altered structures (intracellular organelles, inclusions, etc.).
Example 1.
![](https://www.studentlibrary.ru/cgi-bin/mb4x?usr_data=gd-image(doc,ISBN9785970473054-0009,img353.png,-1,,00000000,)&hide_Cookie=yes)
Granular degeneration of the epithelium of renal tubules. Stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The magnification is high (400×). Epithelial cells, mainly proximal tubules (1), are enlarged, swollen, and contain many small granules, the formation of which is the result of ultrastructural changes: hyperplasia and swelling of cytoplasmic organelles. The glomerulus is intact (2)
Example 2.
![](https://www.studentlibrary.ru/cgi-bin/mb4x?usr_data=gd-image(doc,ISBN9785970473054-0009,img354.png,-1,,00000000,)&hide_Cookie=yes)
Sago amyloidosis of the spleen. Van Gieson staining. The magnification is low (100×). Amyloid in the form of yellow-brown homogeneous acellular masses is found exclusively in follicles (1). The red pulp is not affected (2)
Example 3.
![](https://www.studentlibrary.ru/cgi-bin/mb4x?usr_data=gd-image(doc,ISBN9785970473054-0009,img355.png,-1,,00000000,)&hide_Cookie=yes)
Croupous pneumonia in the stage of grey hepatization. Van Gieson staining. The magnification is low (100×). The lumen of all alveoli in the field of view is filled with exudate from neutrophils, macrophages, individual erythrocytes, and fibrin threads invading the interalveolar pores
Example 4.
![](https://www.studentlibrary.ru/cgi-bin/mb4x?usr_data=gd-image(doc,ISBN9785970473054-0009,img356.png,-1,,00000000,)&hide_Cookie=yes)
Tuberculous granuloma. Hematoxylin and eosin staining. The magnification is low (100×). A focus of caseous necrosis (1), surrounded by epithelioid cells (2), among which are giant multinucleated Langhans cells (3) is observed in the center, while along the periphery, a shaft of lymphocytes (4) can be seen