CHAPTER 29. ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS 1

In this Chapter:

29.1. Antibiotics

29.1.1. Penicillines

29.1.2. Cephalosporins

29.1.3. Other antibiotics with β-lactam ring structure

29.1.4. Macrolides and azalides

29.1.5. Tetracyclines

29.1.6. Chloramphenicol group

29.1.7. Aminoglycosides group

29.1.8. Cyclic polypeptides (polymyxins, etc.)

29.1.9. Lincosamides

29.1.10. Glycopeptides

29.1.11. Fusidic acid

29.1.12. Topical antibiotics of different chemical structure

29.2. Sulfonamides

29.2.1. Sulfonamides used for their systemic action

29.2.2. Sulfonamides acting in the intestinal lumen

29.2.3. Topical sulfonamides

29.2.4. Combined sulfonamides and trimetoprim formulations

29.3. Quinolone derivatives

29.4. Synthetic antibacterial agents of various chemical structures

29.4.1. Derivatives of 8-oxyquinoline

29.4.2. Nitrofuran derivatives

29.4.3. Quinoxaline derivatives

29.4.4. Oxazoladinones

29.5. Drugs for the treatment of syphilis

29.6. Antituberculosis drugs

29.6.1. Croup I of antituberculosis drugs

29.6.2. Croup II of antituberculosis drugs

29.6.3. Croup III of antituberculosis drugs

Two cardinal features characterize antimicrobial chemotherapeutic drugs:

A. The selectivity of their action against certain kinds of microorganisms, i.e. they have a specific spectrum of antimicrobial action;

¹ As stated above, a term 'chemotherapeutic substances' refers to the agents possessing selective toxicity against certain causative agents of infectious and parasitic diseases. Apart from antibacterial drugs, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal and antihelmintic preparations belong to this group of treatments.

P. EHRLICH (1854-1915). German immunologist who was the founder of the chemotherapy of infections. He discovered an antisyphilitic drug from the group of the arsenic organic compounds - salvarsan (1909) and introduced it into the medical practice. Nobel Prize winner (1908).