Dental trauma is a violation of a tooth’s integrity accompanied by a change in its location or functionality. Dislocations and fractures of teeth often occur under the influence of trauma simultaneously with a fracture of the alveolar process or the body of the jaw, as well as in the form of complications during the operation of tooth or root extraction. The most common causes of a tooth injury are falls, participation in sports events without proper equipment (protective mouth guards), traffic accidents, and fights. Teeth injuries in the upper jaw occur 3 times more often than in the lower jaw.
According to the ICD-10, dental trauma belongs to the class S00: Superficial injury of head.
Chapter XIX. Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- S00-S09 Injuries to the head.
- S02 Fracture of skull and facial bones.
- S02.5 Fracture of tooth.
- S02.50 Fracture of enamel of tooth only, enamel chipping.
- S02.51 Fracture of crown of tooth without pulpal involvement.
- S02.52 Fracture of crown of tooth with pulpal involvement.
- S02.53 Fracture of root of tooth.
- S02.54 Fracture of crown with root of tooth.
- S02.57 Multiple fractures of teeth.
- S02.59 Fracture of tooth, unspecified.
- S03 Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of head.
- S03.2 Dislocation of tooth.
- S03.20 Luxation of tooth.
- S03.21 Intrusion or extrusion of tooth.
- S03.22 Avulsion of tooth [exarticulation].