The term ''rehabilitation'' has been used since the earliest times in the legal practice as applied to reinstated persons. In medicine, the term "rehabilitation" was first applied officially to TBC patients when in 1946, in Washington, a congress for rehabilitation of such patients was held. Despite extensive use of this term in medical science and practice, so far, there is still no consensus view regarding the essence of rehabilitation, as well as its goals and objectives. In some countries, rehabilitation is understood as health resumption only, while in other countries, this concept is attributed to vocational rehabilitation, in third countries - to rendering welfare assistance to sufferers, etc. The inconsistency of a number of other definitions is caused by the ambiguous interpretation of relations and connections between treatment and rehabilitation. The latter is viewed as either a continuation of treatment or remedial treatment or as a process that covers all types of impacts upon the patient, wherefore the treatment, preventive treatment, and screening are interpreted as various sections of medical rehabilitation. The most frequently, the special aspects of rehabilitation are emphasized by phrase-mongering statements like these: "The quintessential part in the doctrine of rehabilitation is struggle for the human, and the struggle against disease", or "Only human can be rehabilitated, and animal - treated" (V.V. Kabanov). Evidently, the latter statement nor can be found absolutely true, since with regard to animals (e.g., racehorses) performing certain social functions a complex of arrangements aimed at restitution to them the capability to the same or several distinct social functions can be rightfully attributed to rehabilitation arrangements (in the true meaning of this word - rehabilitation; re - means "again", habilitation - fitness, suitability, capability).