Chapter 6 THORAX

Fig. 6.1. Regions of thoracic wall: a - front view: 1 - presternal region; 2 - right mammary region; 3 - left mammary region; 4 - right submammary region; 5 - left the submammary region; b - back view: 1 - vertebral region; 2 - left scapular region; 3 - right scapular region; 4 - left subscapular region; 5 - right subscapular region

borders and regions

Borders. Upper - runs along the upper edge of the manubrium, clavicle and further along the line at the level of the acromioclavicular joints to the apex of the spinous process of the VII cervical vertebra, lower - from the base of the xiphoid process of the sternum along the edges of the costal arches to the anterior ends of the XI and XII ribs and further along the lower edge of the XII rib to the spinous process of the XII thoracic vertebra.

In the chest, a chest wall and a chest cavity are distinguished.

Regions of thoracic wall.

1. Presternal region, or anterior median region of thorax.

2. Mammary region, or anterior superior region of thorax.

3. Submammary region, or anterior inferior region of thorax.

4. Vertebral region, or posterior median region of thorax.

5. Scapular region, or posterior superior region of thorax.

6. Infrascapular region, or posterior inferior region of thorax.

The last three regions in International Anatomical Terminology refer to the regions of the back.

The thoracic cavity is covered from the inside by the intrathoracic fascia, contains the mediastinum, two pleural cavities, the left and right lungs.

6.1. TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OF REGIONS

6.1.1. PRESTERNAL REGION

Borders. Correspond to borders of a projection of a sternum.

Layers

1. The Skin. Thin, motionless.

2. Subcutaneous tissue. It is poorly expressed.

3. Superficial fascia. Grows together with proprious fascia.