Chapter 4 HEAD

Fig. 4.1. Layers of the fronto-parieto-occipital region on frontal section: 1 - skin; 2 - subcutaneous fatty layer; 3 - epicranial aponeurosis; 4 - diploic vein; 5 - subaponeurotic loose connective layer; 6 - periosteum; 7 - subperiosteal loose connective layer; 8, 16 - lateral lacunae; 9 - epidural space 10 - middle meningeal artery; 11, 23 - cranial dura mater; 12 - arachnoid mater; 13, 17, 21 - cerebrospinal fluid in subarachnoidal space; 14 - pia mater; 15 - cerebral cortex; 18 - falx cerebri; 19 - superior sagittal sinus; 20 - cerebral veins; 22 - meningeal artery and vein; 24 - epidural space; 25 - internal lamina of parietal bone; 26 - spongy substance; 27 - external lamina of parietal bone; 28 - emissary vein; 29 - subcutaneous vessels; 30 - connective septa connecting the skin with epicranial aponeurosis

Parts, borders. The border between cerebral and facial parts of head is located on the supraorbital margin of orbit, from zygomatic bone to external acoustic meatus. Facial part is divided on an anterior and two lateral parts.

4.1. TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OF CEREBRAL PART OF HEAD

4.1.1. fronto-parieto-occipital region

Borders. Anterior - superciliary arches, posterior - external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line on occipital bone.

Layers

1. Skin. Thick, inactive, a little elastic.

2. Subcutaneous tissue. It is penetrated by connective tissue septa from skin to epicranial aponeurosis, has a cellular structure, contains a network of blood vessels which wall is fixed to connective tissue septa.

3. Muscle aponeurotic layer. Epicranial muscle consists of twin frontal muscle in front, occipital muscle behind and epicranial aponeurosis between them.

4. Subaponeurotic cellulous layer. It extends on all regions.