BODY SYSTEMS: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Module I. Learning to Read and Understand a Special Text

Task 1

The picture* shows seven parts of the huma heart. Can you name them?

Task 2

Match each term on the left (1-8) with its definition on the right (a-h):

Task 3

A. Read and translate the following international words: action, alcohol, artery, caffeine, circulation, control, defect,

electrical, form, harmony, membrane, organism, pathogenic, problem, rhythm, shock, start, structure, toxic, vein.

B. Match the words on the left (1-7) with their synonyms on the right (a-g):

* Nucleus medical media 7-part Heart - Anatomical Model.

C. Find in the dictionary and write down plural forms for the following nouns:

atrium, bacterium, septum. Translate the given sentences.

1. The atria are the upper chambers of the heart.

2. The atria and ventricles beat in harmony.

3. Each atrium opens into the ventricle through a valve.

4. The left atrium of the heart receives blood from the pulmonary veins.

5. The heart consists of several structures: walls, septa, valves, a conducting system, and a circulatory system.

6. The walls and septa are the muscular foundation for the four chambers.

7. Pathogenic bacteria enter the body by various routes.

8. Bacteria show a number of different shapes and forms.

9. Some bacteria secrete toxic proteins.

10. A bacterium is a microscopic organism. Most bacteria are unicellular.

Task 4

You are going to read a text about the human heart, which is the most important muscle in the body.

A. Read the following text quickly and choose the best heading for it:

1) The important muscle

2) A double pump

3) The structure of the heart.

The heart is one of the most important organs in the human body. It is nothing but a muscular pump which pumps blood throughout the body. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers of tissue. A serous membrane, the pericardium, forms the outer covering of the heart. The middle layer, the myocardium, is the heart muscle proper. This consists of specialized cardiac muscle fibres. Internally the heart is lined throughout with a serous membrane, the endocardium.