34.1 General characteristics
34.2 Motivation as the beginning of meeting needs
34.3 Instincts as hereditary components of behavior
34.4 Acquired behavioral components
34.5 Functional behavior system
Profile materials Control questions Situational tasks
34.1. General characteristics
Behavior is active purposeful interaction of a person with his environment, aimed at meeting a driving need. Behavior is explicit and clear revelation of a person. Using behavior, a useful adaptive result is achieved that satisfies the dominant need. Behavior provides adaptation to a changing environment and the person determines its purposeful nature. Behavior includes both hereditary (genetically determined) and acquired (based on training) reactions. "... The essence of any nature in an act is visible as in a mirror" (Avicenna).
Needs as the driving force of behavior
Needs are special psychological states needs of the body, necessary for normal biological and social life, are not met. The emergence of needs obeys the dominant mechanism. Needs are the driving force of behavior and they are eliminated through behavior. Through needs, the body is connected with the external environment.
Classification of needs
Vital (biological) needs for food, water, sleep and wakefulness, energy saving, etc. This is not any "physiological need" of the body, but one that is not eliminated by homeostatic mechanisms. Failure to meet these needs leads to death of the body, therefore they are called vital.
Social needs are expressed as the desire of a person to belong to a particular social group and occupy a specific place in it. They regulate intraspecific relationships, in general, contribute to conservation of the species. These needs are realized during interactions with other people, i.e. in public behavior.