?Yes, I am glad that ... we acquired the whole inseparable animal organism rather than a part of it for the mighty power of physiological research. And this is entirely our Russian unquestionable merit in global science, in universal human thought."
I.P. Pavlov
32.1 General characteristics of higher nervous activity
32.2 Conditioned reflexes
32.3 Classification of conditioned reflex formation
32.4 Stages of conditioned reflexes
32.5 Mechanisms of condit ioned reflex formation
32.6 Inhibition of conditioned reflexes 32.7. Systemic activity of cerebral cortex
32.8 Types of HNA (temperament)
32.9 Phase phenomena in cerebral cortex
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32.1. General characteristics of higher nervous activity
Higher nervous activity (HNA) is the activity of the higher cortical and subcortical parts of the brain, forming behavior aimed at adapting the body to the environment. The psychophysiological processes that make up the HNA, create the highest level of interaction between the body and the environment and adaptation to it. I.P. Pavlov and his team developed the doctrine of HNA and conditioned reflexes in 1903-1936. Their findings are summarized in Pavlov's book ?Twenty-year experience of objective study of the higher nervous activity
(behavior) of animals, conditioned reflexes." The outstanding role in the development of the doctrine of HNA belongs to Pavlov's followers: P.K. Anokhin, L.A. Orbeli, K.M. Bykov, E.A. Asratyan, K.V. Sudakov, and others. A reflex is activation or inhibition of the activity of organs and is the most important mechanism of the body's adaptation to environmental conditions. Pavlov and his followers developed an experimentally substantiated theory of cerebral functioning, in which such cerebral functions as anticipation, goal achievement, thinking, and the psyche were explained to a much greater extent than in the unconditioned reflex theory. The doctrine of HNA was further developed in the theory of functional systems developed by P.K. Anokhin.