I. What levels of arterial pressure indicate the presence of arterial hypertension?
1. 89/139 mm Hg.
2. 85/165 mm Hg.
3. 75/135 mm Hg.
4. 95/139 mm Hg.
5. 70/165 mm Hg.
6. 100/160 mm Hg.
II. Malignant hypertension is characterized by the following:
1. Arterial diastolic pressure does not exceed 100 mm Hg.
2. Arterial diastolic pressure exceeds 120 mm Hg.
3. Renal failure.
4. Retinal hemorrhages and exudates.
5. Papilledema.
6. Excentric cardiac hypertrophy.
7. Edema of lower extremities.
III. Secondary forms of systolic hypertension occur in the following disorders:
1. Thyrotoxicosis.
2. Aortic regurgitation.
3. Acute glomerulonephritis.
4. Chronic glomerulonephritis.
5. Adrenocortical hyperfunction.
6. Pheochromocytoma.
7. Acromegaly.
8. Toxemia of pregnancy.
IV. Which of the following factors may contribute to the development of essential hypertension?
1. Increased salt intake.
2. Obesity.
3. Increased calcium intake.
4. Alcohol intake (more than 60 g/day).
5. Decreased water intake.
6. Decreased calcium intake.
7. Diabetes mellitus.
8. Smoking.
V. An increased salt sensitivity may be observed in the following disorders accompanied by arterial hypertension:
1. Primary aldosteronism.
2. Renal parenchymal disease.
3. Low-renin essential hypertension.
4. Diabetes mellitus (insulin resistant).
5. Thyrotoxicosis.
6. Aortic regurgitation.
VI. Low-renin essential hypertension is characterized by the following:
1. Hypokalemia.
2. Expanded extracellular fluid volumes.
3. Increased sensitivity of adrenal cortex to angiotensin II.
4. Mild degree of hyperaldosteronism.
5. Decreased sodium retention.
6. Increased salt sensitivity.
7. Excessive production of epinephrine.
VII. Chronic hyperinsulinemia may promote the development of arterial hypertension by the following mechanisms: