Ovarian hyperplasia, cystic or solid, can occur at any age. Functional and inflammatory ovarian hyperplasia, in most cases, are seen only in the reproductive age. Their development may be asymptomatic or accompanied by local discomfort, menstrual disorders and infertility. In rare cases, acute symptoms, caused by complications such as bleeding or torsion of the pedicle of mass, are observed.
Ovaries have complex embryogenesis, histology and steroidogenesis, so there is a high probability of malignancy development in them. Thus, ovarian neoplasms are characterized by wide variability in structure and biological behavior.
In contrast to the cervix and uterine body, the ovaries are not easily accessible for informative clinical examination, and, therefore, there are no simple screening methods for detecting ovarian neoplasms.
However, after uterine tumors, ovarian tumors occupy the second place in the structure of gynecological oncology diseases.
Ovarian tumors can develop at any age. In adolescence, as well as in the postmenopausal period, tumors are most malignant. In the reproductive period, ovarian masses are functional in 70% of cases, neoplastic, i.e., having the proliferative ability (most of them are benign) in 20% of cases, and endo-metrial in 10%.
Functional ovarian cysts are a normal variant and develop due to normal ovarian functioning.
Follicular cysts. If the ovarian follicle does not rupture during maturation, ovulation does not occur and a follicular cyst may form. This process, as the name suggests, involves lengthening of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and, as a result, causes transient secondary amenorrhea. The follicular cyst, like the follicle, is lined with normal granular cells and filled with a estrogen-rich fluid.