The visual organ is part of the visual system, located in the orbit and consists of the eye (eyeball) and its accessory organs (muscles, ligaments, fascia, periosteum of the orbital walls, a sheath of the eyeball, adipose body of the orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus).
16.1. METHODS OF DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY
The radiological method is of great importance in the primary diagnosis of pathology of the visual organ. However, CT, MRI and ultrasound have become the main methods of diagnostic radiology in ophthalmology. These methods allow assessing the condition not only of the eyeball but also of all the accessory organs of the eye.
16.1.1. Radiological method
The purpose of X-ray examination is to identify the pathological changes in the orbit, localization of radiopaque foreign bodies and assessment of the lacrimal apparatus.
X-ray examination in the diagnosis of diseases and injuries of the eye and orbit includes the performance of survey and special images.
Survey X-ray images of the orbits
On the X-ray images of the orbits in the nasomental, nasofrontal and lateral views,
the opening to the orbit, its walls, sometimes the small and large wings of the sphenoid bone, the superior orbital fissure are visualized (Fig. 16.1).
Special methods of X-ray examination of the orbits
X-ray of the orbit in the anterior-oblique view (image of the opening to the optic nerve canal according to Rhese). The main purpose of the picture is to obtain an image of the optic canal. The images for comparison must be taken on both sides.
The images show the holes of the optic nerve channel, the opening to the orbit, ethmoid air cells (Fig. 16.2).
X-ray examination of the eye with a Comberg-Baltin prosthesis is performed in order to determine the localization of foreign bodies. Comberg-Baltin prosthesis is a contact lens with lead marks on the edges. The picture is made in the nasal and lateral