Temporary and permanent teeth are exposed to numerous exogenous and endogenous factors in the process of human life: mechanical, chemical, thermal and other. The dentist needs to know the causes of pathological changes in the teeth for proper diagnosis, their treatment and prevention of disorders.
The following diseases are included in the group of non-carious lesions after eruption.
I. Pigmentation and dental deposits.
II. Abrasion of hard dental tissues.
III. Wedge-shaped defect (abrasion).
IV. Dental erosion.
V. Necrosis of hard dental tissue:
a) acid-induced;
b) endocrine;
c) computer-induced;
d) radiation-induced.
VI. Dentin hypersensitivity.
VIII. Dental trauma: acute and chronic.
PIGMENTATION AND DENTAL DEPOSITS
The human teeth normally have a white color of various shades. The milk (or temporary) teeth have a bluish-white color, the permanent teeth may have white-gray or white-yellowish tint.
The tooth color can be changed by external (extrinsic) factors. Coffee, strong tea, smoking cigarettes, steam cocktails, blueberries can change the tint of the teeth for some time. Mouthwash or medications applied in mouth trays (ethacridine lactate, potassium permanganate) bring about yellow or brownish color or tinge of the teeth and oral mucosa. Long-term use of chlorhexidine for
mouth washing can stain the teeth with yellow or yellowish-brown color. Lead stains the cervix of teeth black and violet.
In endodontic dental treatment, resorcinol-formalde-hyde technique for treating the root canal and illing with resorcinol-formaldehyde or paracine paste stains dental crown tissues pink and orange (fig. 33.1), while copper or silver amalgam without good isolation of the dental tissues can result in the darkening of crowns (gray or black).