STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF SIMPLE PROTEINS
1. Proteins: their definition, biological significance and classification.
2. Amino acids as monomers of proteins, their classifications and chemical properties. Structure of standard amino acids.
3. Peptides: their structure, classification and biological significance.
4. Primary structure of protein. Structure of peptide bond. Hereditary defects of primary protein structure. Relationship between primary structure of protein and its function.
5. Secondary and tertiary structures of protein: their definition, types of bonds stabilizing these structures. Their specific properties and significance.
6. Quaternary structure of proteins. Examples of proteins whith quaternary structure. Significance of conformational changes (assembly, dissociation and interactions of protomers) for protein function (on the examples of hemoglobin). Specific complementary protein-ligand interaction as a basis for biological functions of proteins. Enzyme-substrate, hormone-receptor interactions.
7. Size and shape of protein molecules.
8. Chemical properties of proteins: ionization, hydration, solubility, precipitation.
9. Separation of an individual protein: salting out, electrophoresis. Tests of colloidal stability: thymol test, Veltman?s test. Electrophoretic separation of blood proteins. Proteinogram of healthy individuals.
10. Simple proteins (albumins, globulins, histones): their structure, classification, representatives, biological significance.
11. Fibrous and globular proteins.
12. Collagen: its structure and specific properties.
COMPLEX (CONJUGATED) PROTEINS
1. Complex proteins: their definition and classification.
2. Characteristics of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, and their significance. Relation between carbohydrate and protein (0-, N-glycosidic bonds). Repre-