Questions to study.
1. Biochemical functions of the blood: osmotic, buffer, transport and regulatory function.
2. Blood proteins and their characteristics. Acute phase proteins and their significance.
3. Blood enzymes: their classification and biological significance. Indicator enzymes and their role in diagnostics.
4. Common characteristics of non-protein nitrogen containing compounds of the blood.
5. Role of the blood in the transport of gases in human body. Hemoglobin: its structure, properties, participation in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Forms of hemoglobin. Pathologic forms of hemoglobin. Hemoglobinopathy.
6. Metabolism of iron in human body, its regulation and disorders.
7. Blood clotting system. Anticoagulants and fibrinolysis. Disorders of blood clotting.
8. Biochemical analysis of the blood. Reference levels for biochemical parameters of the blood. Clinical implications of blood biochemistry.
9. Role of kidneys in maintenance of homeostasis. Mechanism of urine production.
10. Role of kidneys in regulation of metabolism and maintenance of water-salt balance in the body.
11. Characteristics of main components of healthy human urine. Chemical composition of urine. Pathological components of urine.
12. Principles of biochemical diagnostics of kidney disorders.
13. Biochemical functions of the liver.
14. Role of the liver in metabolism of xenobiotics. Stages of xenobiotic metabolism. Microsomal oxidation.
15. Role of the liver in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
16. Role of the liver in pigment metabolism. Disturbance of pigment metabolism. Jaundice.
17. Bile: its chemical composition and significance. Synthesis of bile acids and its regulation. Cholelithiasis and principles of its treatment and prevention.