Learning objective: to assessment the knowledge obtained in the profile departments; to study histological structure, chemical composition and function of hard dental tissues and the time of eruption of permanent teeth.
Teeth are organs that are located in the alveoli of the jaws. Teeth are an integral part of the masticatory and vocal apparatus and take part in chewing, breathing, sound formation and speech. Human teeth are characterized by fine differentiation. Each tooth has anatomical features that distinguish it from other teeth. In contrast to monkeys, humans show a reduction in the size of teeth, due to the wear of the masticatory system. Humans have 4 groups of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars and molars. In dentistry, teeth are divided into anterior (incisors, canines) and lateral (premolars, molars) groups. Firstly, temporary teeth (20 teeth) function, whose eruption is complete by the age of 2. Beginning at the age of 6-7, they are replaced by permanent teeth (32 teeth).
The last large molars show signs of reduction (absence, incomplete eruption, poor development).
TOOTH STRUCTURE
Anatomically, the tooth is divided into the crown, neck and root. The latter ends with the apex of the root. Inside, there is the cavity of the tooth, cavitas dentis, which is divided into the cavity of the crown and the root canal. The latter, on the top of the root, ends with an opening in the tip of the tooth, through which vessels and nerves enter the cavity. The surface of the cavity from which the root canals begin is called the bottom of the crown cavity. The wall of the tooth cavity, adjacent to its chewing surface, is called the vault.
The crown of the tooth has several surfaces.
► The surface facing the vestibule of the oral cavity is called the vestibular surface. In the group of incisors and canines, this surface is called labial, and in premolars and molars it is called buccal.