Questions to prepare for classes and examination
• The main stages of leukopoiesis and its regulation by humoral factors.
• Classification of disorders of white blood cells.
• Leukopenia: definition and causes.
• General mechanisms of leukopenia.
• Causes and mechanisms of a decreased leukocytes production.
• Causes and mechanisms of aqn increased peripheral destruction of leukocytes.
• Signs and consequenses of neutropenia.
• Leukocytosis: causes and mechanisms.
• Causes of increased production in the bone marrow, mobilization, and defective margination of neutrophils.
• Types of leukocytosis; patterns of shift to the left.
• Biological significance of leukocytosis.
• Types and mechanisms of abnormal neutrophil function.
• Leukemoid reactions: typical features, causes, mechanisms of development, physiological significance.
• Changes in the complete blood test with differential. Absolute and relative shifts in leukocytes count.
N 72
A 38-year-old male industrial worker visited his general practitioner. The patient was a victim of fire at his working place. During the accident he had received epidermal and partial thickness burns of the right side of the body (about 10% of the total body surface area). His condition was fair, the body temperature was 37.8 °C. On the fifth day the patient's condition deteriorated due to an intercurrent infection of the burnt wound. He developed signs of marked purulent, exudative inflammation of the derma and subcutaneous tissue; his body temperature elevated to 40.2 °C. Blood tests were taken twice at different time points. The following results were obtained:
| Analysis A | Analysis B |
Hemoglobin | 125 g/L | 125 g/L |
Erythrocytes | 4.5x1012/L | 4.7x1012/L |
Reticulocytes | 0.5% | 0.8% |
Leukocytes: | 10.5x109/L | 16x109/L |
neutrophils | | 1% |
myelocyte | 0 | 4% |
metamyelocyte | 0 | 14% |
band | 6% | 60% |
segmented | 68% | 0 |
Eosinophils | 2% | 0 |
Basophils | 0 | 16% |
Lymphocytes | 21% | 5% |
Monocytes | 3% | |