I. Prolactinemia may be caused by the following:
1. Pituitary adenoma.
2. Damage to the hypothalamus dopaminergic neurons.
3. Treatment by drugs blocking dopamine receptors.
4. Treatment by estrogens.
5. Hypothyroidism.
6. Pituitary lesions.
7. Adrenal glands lesions.
8. Reduced secretion of ACTH.
II. A decrease in cortisol secretion leads to:
1. Decreased storage of glycogen in the liver.
2. Increased ACTH secretion.
3. Decreased adrenomedullary synthesis of epinephrine.
4. Decreased plasma glucose concentration.
5. Increased hepatic protein synthesis.
6. Increased muscle protelysis.
7. Increased hepatic gluconeogenesis.
III. An increased ACTH secretion stimulates synthesis and release of the following hormones:
1. Sex steroids.
2. Epinephrine.
3. Corticosterone.
4. Thyroid hormone.
5. Parathyroid hormone.
6. Growth hormone.
7. Antidiuretic hormone.
IV. Postpartum pituitary infarction may develop owing to the following:
1. Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.
2. Constriction of the pituitary vessels.
3. Hypertrophy of the pituitary gland.
4. Hemorrhage with systemic hypotension.
5. Hypoglycemia.
6. Brain edema.
7. Renal failure.
V. Which of the following causes may result in total pituitary failure?
1. Metastasis of malignant tumors in the pituitary.
2. Infiltrative disorders such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis-associated meningitis.
3. Inadequate surgical excision of the pituitary adenoma.
4. Postpartum necrosis.
5. Iodine deficiency.
6. Treatment by glucocorticoids.
7. Autoimmune disorders.
VI. Production of the following hormones may be reduced in total anterior pituitary failure:
1. ACTH.
2. Prolactin.
3. Growth hormone.
4. Thyroid-stimulating hormone.
5. Follicle-stimulating hormone.