Questions to prepare for classes and examination
• What is the specific subject matter of pathophysiology? What features distinguish pathophysiology from other medical sciences?
• Methods of pathophysiology. Modeling of pathological processes and diseases. Means and limitations of experimental pahology.
• The notion of nosology.
• What parts nosology is divided into?
• The hallmarks of the notions of well-being and disease.
• The notions of pathological process, pathological state, pathological reactions, typical pathological processes, remission, recurrence, complication.
• Principles used in classification of diseases.
• Factors of diseases: environmental, genetic, social.
• The relation between causes and conditions in the development of diseases.
• The nature and characteristics of pathogenic factors.
• Reactivity of the body and its role in the development of disease.
• The notions of pathogenesis, vicious circles.
• Stages of disease.
• Adaptive reactions and their role in resuscitation and pathology.
N 1
A mouse is put in a small pressure chamber. Then, during 2-3 min the air is pumped out of it to decrease the pressure in the chamber down to 170-180 mm Hg. After 0.5-1 min in hypobaric conditions the mouse shows signs of anxiety: running over, scratching its face. Two or three minutes later clonic and tonic seizures develop; the mouse is lying on its side, urinates; terminal breathing («gasping») develops. Soon afterwards, breathing stops, and the mouse dies. The overall time of the mouse's life in hypobaric atmosphere is 3-4 min.
Questions
• What factors affect the mouse in this experiment?
• Which of these factors could be considered the leading cause of the pathological process - hypobaric hypoxia?
• How can you experimentally test your presumptions about the nature of the pathological process?