Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation of the following words: pulpitis, primarily, oral hygiene, the whole body, adult, cause, course, character, lesion, carbohydrate, stimuli, severe, gangrene.
Exercise 2. Active vocabulary. Learn the following words:
poor oral hygiene плохая гигиена полости рта
general state of health общее состояние здоровья
a common disease распространенное заболевание
to suffer from страдать (от), болеть чем - либо
consumption (syn. intake) потребление
lesion поражение, повреждение
to occur иметь место, происходить
to cause вызывать, являться причиной
severe pain сильная боль
to spread распространяться
to result in приводить к, вызывать
to result from быть результатом
due to (because of) вследствие, из-за
arrest a disease купировать заболевание
Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations into Russian before reading the text.
due to poor oral hygiene
diseases may run an acute course
to control dental caries
early treatment of carious lesions
if caries remains untreated
microorganisms can gain entrance into the pulp
mortification and removal of the pulp tissue
Exercise 4. Read and translate the following text into Rusian:
DENTAL CARIES AND PULPITIS
Part I.
INTRODUCTION
Diseases of the teeth develop primarily due to poor oral hygiene but the general state of health is also of some importance. Depending on the state of the whole body diseases of the teeth may run a more acute course and may quickly involve a number of teeth.
Dental caries (tooth decay) and pulpitis are probably the most common of all diseases of the highly developed countries. All groups of population can suffer from tooth decay.
The main causes of dental caries are poor oral hygiene, the character of nutrition (high consumption of sweets), the temperature of the food and physiological state of the human body. The disease begins with decalcification of the enamel and ends in destruction of the hard dental tissues. Carious lesions usually occur in those parts of the teeth that cannot be well cleaned by a toothbrush, the molars being most frequently affected.