Поиск
Закладки
Озвучить текст Озвучить книгу
Изменить режим чтения
Изменить размер шрифта
Оглавление
Для озвучивания и цитирования книги перейдите в режим постраничного просмотра.
Бронхиальная астма

Список литературы

  1. Ray, A., Camiolo, M., Fitzpatrick, A., Gauthier, M., & Wenzel, S. E. (2020). Are We Meeting the Promise of Endotypes and Precision Medicine in Asthma? Physiological Reviews, 100(3), 983–1017. https://doi.org/10.1152/PHYSREV.00023.2019
  2. Moore, W. C., Meyers, D. A., Wenzel, S. E., Teague, W. G., Li, H., Li, X., D’Agostino, R., Castro, M., Curran-Everett, D., Fitzpatrick, A. M., Gaston, B., Jarjour, N. N., Sorkness, R., Calhoun, W. J., Chung, K. F., Comhair, S. A. A., Dweik, R. A., Israel, E., Peters, S. P., … Bleecker, E. R. (2010). Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 181(4), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.200906-0896OC
  3. Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi, M., Abbasifard, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahi, M., Abdollahpour, I., Abedi, A., Abedi, P., Abegaz, K. H., Abolhassani, H., Abosetugn, A. E., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E. M., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., … Murray, C. J. L. (2020). Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet (London, England), 396(10258), 1204–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
  4. GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR ASTHMA MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION Updated 2020. (2020). www.ginasthma.org
  5. Chuchalin, A. G., Khaltaev, N., Antonov, N. S., Galkin, D. V., Manakov, L. G., Antonini, P., Murphy, M., Solodovnikov, A. G., Bousquet, J., Pereira, M. H. S., & Demko, I. V. (2014). Chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors in 12 regions of the Russian Federation. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 9, 963–974. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S67283
  6. Национальная программа «Бронхиальная астма у детей. Стратегия лечения и профилактика», IV издание. – М., 2012. – 182 с.
  7. Most Recent Asthma Data | CDC. (n.d.). Retrieved February 9, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_data.htm
  8. mednet.ru — Яндекс: нашлось 4 тыс. результатов. (n.d.). Retrieved February 8, 2024, from https://yandex.ru/search/?text=mednet.ru&lr=213&clid=2270455&win=587
  9. ФГБУ «ЦНИИОИЗ» Минздрава России - Главная страница. (n.d.). Retrieved February 9, 2024, from https://mednet.ru/
  10. Krahn, M., Berka, C., Langlois, P., & Detsky, A. S. (1996). Direct and indirect costs of asthma in Canada, 1990. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal de l’Association Medicale Canadienne.
  11. Braman, S. S., & Kaemmerlen, J. T. (1990). Intensive Care of Status Asthmaticus: A 10-Year Experience. JAMA, 264(3), 366–368. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.1990.03450030090038
  12. Weber, E. J., Silverman, R. A., Callaham, M. L., Pollack, C. V., Woodruff, P. G., Clark, S., & Camargo, C. A. (2002). A prospective multicenter study of factors associated with hospital admission among adults with acute asthma. American Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01242-1
  13. Salmeron, S., Liard, R., Elkharrat, D., Muir, J. F., Neukirch, F., & Ellrodt, A. (2001). Asthma severity and adequacy of management in accident and emergency departments in France: A prospective study. Lancet, 358(9282), 629–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05779-8
  14. Krishnan, V., Diette, G. B., Rand, C. S., Bilderback, A. L., Merriman, B., Hansel, N. N., & Krishnan, J. A. (2006). Mortality in patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbations in the United States. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 174(6), 633–638. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.200601-007OC
  15. Ненашева Н.М. Клинические фенотипы атопической бронхиальной астмы: диагностика и лечение. Palmarium Academic Publishing, 2012, 319с. (n.d.). Retrieved February 9, 2024, from https://bookmix.ru/book.phtml?id=2271191
  16. Moore, W. C., Meyers, D. A., Wenzel, S. E., Teague, W. G., Li, H., Li, X., D’Agostino, R., Castro, M., Curran-Everett, D., Fitzpatrick, A. M., Gaston, B., Jarjour, N. N., Sorkness, R., Calhoun, W. J., Chung, K. F., Comhair, S. A. A., Dweik, R. A., Israel, E., Peters, S. P., … Bleecker, E. R. (2010). Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 181(4), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.200906-0896OC
  17. Pearce, N., Pekkanen, J., & Beasley, R. (1999). How much asthma is really attributable to atopy? Thorax, 54(3), 268–272. https://doi.org/10.1136/THX.54.3.268
  18. Reddel, H. K., Taylor, D. R., Bateman, E. D., Boulet, L. P., Boushey, H. A., Busse, W. W., Casale, T. B., Chanez, P., Enright, P. L., Gibson, P. G., De Jongste, J. C., Kerstjens, H. A. M., Lazarus, S. C., Levy, M. L., O’Byrne, P. M., Partridge, M. R., Pavord, I. D., Sears, M. R., Sterk, P. J., … Wenzel, S. E. (2009). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 180(1), 59–99. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.200801-060ST
  19. Taylor, D. R., Bateman, E. D., Boulet, L. P., Boushey, H. A., Busse, W. W., Casale, T. B., Chanez, P., Enright, P. L., Gibson, P. G., De Jongste, J. C., Kerstjens, H. A. M., Lazarus, S. C., Levy, M. L., O’Byrne, P. M., Partridge, M. R., Pavord, I. D., Sears, M. R., Sterk, P. J., Stoloff, S. W., … Reddel, H. K. (2008). A new perspective on concepts of asthma severity and control. The European Respiratory Journal, 32(3), 545–554. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00155307
  20. Chung, K. F., Wenzel, S. E., Brozek, J. L., Bush, A., Castro, M., Sterk, P. J., Adcock, I. M., Bateman, E. D., Bel, E. H., Bleecker, E. R., Boulet, L. P., Brightling, C., Chanez, P., Dahlen, S. E., Djukanovic, R., Frey, U., Gaga, M., Gibson, P., Hamid, Q., … Teague, W. G. (2014). International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma. The European Respiratory Journal, 43(2), 343–373. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00202013
  21. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2024. [Электронный ресурс], 22.05.2024. URL: http://www.ginasthma.org/.
  22. Barnes, P. J., Szefler, S. J., Reddel, H. K., & Chipps, B. E. (2019). Symptoms and perception of airway obstruction in asthmatic patients: Clinical implications for use of reliever medications. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 144(5), 1180–1186. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2019.06.040
  23. Killian, K. J., Watson, R., Otis, J., St. Amand, T. A., & O’Byrne, P. M. (2000). Symptom perception during acute bronchoconstriction. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 162(2 Pt 1), 490–496. https://doi.org/10.1164/AJRCCM.162.2.9905079
  24. Авдеев С.Н. Дыхательная недостаточность.  Практическая пульмонология. 2004., №1, с.21-26.
  25. Горячкина Л.А., Ненашева Н.М., Тотикова М.Ч. Шмелева Н.В. Особенности бронхиальной астмы у подростков мужского пола. Пульмонология, 2008, №2, с.15-19. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2008-0-2-15-19
  26. Шальнова О.А., Кириллов М.М., Орлова М.М. Изучение патологии легких у юношей призывного возраста как возможность исследования ранних форм бронхиальной астмы и хронического бронхита. Пульмонология, 2005, №2, с.57-62. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2005-0-2-57-62
  27. Жолондзь Н.Н., Воронина Н.В., Мамровская Т.П., Щукина М.П., Долгаева Н.С. Особенности течения бронхиальной астмы у подростков и юношей призывного возраста. Дальневосточный медицинский журнал. 2011, №3.  https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-techeniya-bronhialnoy-astmy-u-podrostkov-i-yunoshey-prizyvnogo-vozrasta
  28. Астафьева Н.Г. (2005). Бронхиальная астма у подростков. Аллергология, №2, с.12–16.
  29. Емельянов А.В. Особенности бронхиальной астмы в пожилом и старческом возрасте. РМЖ, 2016, №16, с. 1102-1107. https://doi.org/10.18565/PHARMATECA.2020.5.85-94
  30. Mellis, C. (2009). Respiratory noises: how useful are they clinically? Pediatric Clinics of North America, 56(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PCL.2008.10.003
  31. Louis, R., Satia, I., Ojanguren, I., Schleich, F., Bonini, M., Tonia, T., Rigau, D., Brinke, A. ten, Buhl, R., Loukides, S., Kocks, J. W. H., Boulet, L. P., Bourdin, A., Coleman, C., Needham, K., Thomas, M., Idzko, M., Papi, A., Porsbjerg, C., … Usmani, O. S. (2022). European Respiratory Society Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Asthma in Adults. The European Respiratory Journal, 60(3). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01585-2021
  32. Вишнева Е. А., Намазова-Баранова Л. С., Селимзянова Л. Р., Алексеева А. А., Новик Г. А., Эфендиева К. Е., Левина Ю. Г., Добрынина Е. А. Актуальная тактика ведения детей с бронхиальной астмой // Педиатрическая фармакология. 2017. № 14 (6). С. 443–458. https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v14i6.1828
  33. Reddel, H. K., Taylor, D. R., Bateman, E. D., Boulet, L. P., Boushey, H. A., Busse, W. W., Casale, T. B., Chanez, P., Enright, P. L., Gibson, P. G., De Jongste, J. C., Kerstjens, H. A. M., Lazarus, S. C., Levy, M. L., O’Byrne, P. M., Partridge, M. R., Pavord, I. D., Sears, M. R., Sterk, P. J., … Wenzel, S. E. (2009). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 180(1), 59–99. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.200801-060ST
  34. Thomas, M., Kay, S., Pike, J., Williams, A., Carranza Rosenzweig, J. R., Hillyer, E. V., & Price, D. (2009). The Asthma Control Test (ACT) as a predictor of GINA guideline-defined asthma control: analysis of a multinational cross-sectional survey. Primary Care Respiratory Journal : Journal of the General Practice Airways Group, 18(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.4104/PCRJ.2009.00010
  35. Liu, A. H., Zeiger, R., Sorkness, C., Mahr, T., Ostrom, N., Burgess, S., Rosenzweig, J. C., & Manjunath, R. (2007). Development and cross-sectional validation of the Childhood Asthma Control Test. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 119(4), 817–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2006.12.662
  36. Juniper, E. F., Gruffydd-Jones, K., Ward, S., & Svensson, K. (2010). Asthma Control Questionnaire in children: validation, measurement properties, interpretation. The European Respiratory Journal, 36(6), 1410–1416. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00117509
  37. Nguyen, J. M., Holbrook, J. T., Wei, C. Y., Gerald, L. B., Teague, W. G., & Wise, R. A. (2014). Validation and psychometric properties of the Asthma Control Questionnaire among children. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 133(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2013.06.029
  38. Авдеев С. Н. Опросник ACQ – новый инструмент оценки контроля над бронхиальной астмой. Пульмонология. 2011. № 2. с.93–99. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-2-276-287
  39. Murphy, K. R., Zeiger, R. S., Kosinski, M., Chipps, B., Mellon, M., Schatz, M., Lampl, K., Hanlon, J. T., & Ramachandran, S. (2009). Test for respiratory and asthma control in kids (TRACK): a caregiver-completed questionnaire for preschool-aged children. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 123(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2009.01.058
  40. Papadopoulos, N. G., Arakawa, H., Carlsen, K. H., Custovic, A., Gern, J., Lemanske, R., Le Souef, P., Mäkelä, M., Roberts, G., Wong, G., Zar, H., Akdis, C. A., Bacharier, L. B., Baraldi, E., Van Bever, H. P., De Blic, J., Boner, A., Burks, W., Casale, T. B., … Zeiger, R. S. (2012). International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma. Allergy, 67(8), 976–997. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1398-9995.2012.02865.X
  41. Bousquet, J., Boulet, L. P., Peters, M. J., Magnussen, H., Quiralte, J., Martinez-Aguilar, N. E., & Carlsheimer, Å. (2007). Budesonide/formoterol for maintenance and relief in uncontrolled asthma vs. high-dose salmeterol/fluticasone. Respiratory Medicine, 101(12), 2437–2446. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RMED.2007.07.014
  42. Buhl, R., Kuna, P., Peters, M. J., Andersson, T. L. G., Naya, I. P., Peterson, S., & Rabe, K. F. (2012). The effect of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy on the risk of severe asthma exacerbations following episodes of high reliever use: an exploratory analysis of two randomised, controlled studies with comparisons to standard therapy. Respiratory Research, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-13-59
  43. Albers, F. C., Licskai, C., Chanez, P., Bratton, D. J., Bradford, E. S., Yancey, S. W., Kwon, N., & Quirce, S. (2019). Baseline blood eosinophil count as a predictor of treatment response to the licensed dose of mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 159. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RMED.2019.105806
  44. Bush, A. (2018). Management of asthma in children. Minerva Pediatrica, 70(5), 444–457. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4946.18.05351-3
  45. Price, D. B., Rigazio, A., Campbell, J. D., Bleecker, E. R., Corrigan, C. J., Thomas, M., Wenzel, S. E., Wilson, A. M., Small, M. B., Gopalan, G., Ashton, V. L., Burden, A., Hillyer, E. V., Kerkhof, M., & Pavord, I. D. (2015). Blood eosinophil count and prospective annual asthma disease burden: a UK cohort study. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine, 3(11), 849–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00367-7
  46. Kerkhof, M., Tran, T. N., Berge, M. van den, Brusselle, G. G., Gopalan, G., Jones, R. C. M., Kocks, J. W. H., Menzies-Gow, A., Nuevo, J., Pavord, I. D., Rastogi, S., & Price, D. B. (2018). Association between blood eosinophil count and risk of readmission for patients with asthma: Historical cohort study. PloS One, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0201143
  47. Xepapadaki, P., Adachi, Y., Pozo Beltrán, C. F., El-Sayed, Z. A., Gómez, R. M., Hossny, E., Filipovic, I., Le Souef, P., Morais-Almeida, M., Miligkos, M., Nieto, A., Phipatanakul, W., Pitrez, P. M., Wang, J. Y., Wong, G. W. K., & Papadopoulos, N. G. (2022). Utility of biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of asthmatic children. The World Allergy Organization Journal, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WAOJOU.2022.100727
  48. Bonato, M., Bazzan, E., Snijders, D., Turato, G., Biondini, D., Tinè, M., Cosio, M. G., Barbato, A., Saetta, M., & Baraldo, S. (2020). Blood eosinophils relate to atopy and not to tissue eosinophils in wheezing children. Allergy, 75(6), 1497–1501. https://doi.org/10.1111/ALL.14170
  49. Diagnosis and Management of Difficult-to-treat & Severe Asthma - Global Initiative for Asthma - GINA. (n.d.). Retrieved February 9, 2024, from https://ginasthma.org/severeasthma/
  50. Smith, A. D., Cowan, J. O., Filsell, S., McLachlan, C., Monti-Sheehan, G., Jackson, P., & Taylor, D. R. (2004). Diagnosing asthma: comparisons between exhaled nitric oxide measurements and conventional tests. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 169(4), 473–478. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.200310-1376OC
  51. Fabbri, L. M., Romagnoli, M., Corbetta, L., Casoni, G., Busljetic, K., Turato, G., Ligabue, G., Ciaccia, A., Saetta, M., & Papi, A. (2003). Differences in airway inflammation in patients with fixed airflow obstruction due to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 167(3), 418–424. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.200203-183OC
  52. Korevaar, D. A., Westerhof, G. A., Wang, J., Cohen, J. F., Spijker, R., Sterk, P. J., Bel, E. H., & Bossuyt, P. M. M. (2015). Diagnostic accuracy of minimally invasive markers for detection of airway eosinophilia in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine, 3(4), 290–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00050-8
  53. Barcellos, V. A., dos Santos, V. C. H., Moreira, M. Â. F., & Dalcin, P. de T. R. (2023). Asthma control and sputum eosinophils in adult patients: a cross-sectional study in southern Brazil. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-023-48381-1
  54. Talini, D., Novelli, F., Bacci, E., Bartoli, M., Cianchetti, S., Costa, F., Dente, F. L., Franco, A. Di, Latorre, M., Malagrinò, L., Vagaggini, B., Celi, A., & Paggiaro, P. (2015). Sputum eosinophilia is a determinant of FEV1 decline in occupational asthma: results of an observational study. BMJ Open, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2014-005748
  55. Parameswaran, K., Leigh, R., & Hargreave, F. E. (1999). Sputum eosinophil count to assess compliance with corticosteroid therapy in asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 104(2 Pt 1), 502–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70402-1
  56. Atkinson, C. E., Schworer, S. A., Matthews, K., Mills, K., Neighbors, K., Burbank, A. J., & Hernandez, M. L. (2022). Omalizumab is associated with improved asthma outcomes in children and adolescents with serum immunoglobulin E above dosing guidelines. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 10(10), 2756-2757.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2022.06.041
  57. Hew, M., Gillman, A., Sutherland, M., Wark, P., Bowden, J., Guo, M., Reddel, H. K., Jenkins, C., Marks, G. B., Thien, F., Rimmer, J., Katsoulotos, G. P., Cook, M., Yang, I., Katelaris, C., Bowler, S., Langton, D., Wright, C., Bint, M., … Gibson, P. G. (2016). Real-life effectiveness of omalizumab in severe allergic asthma above the recommended dosing range criteria. Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 46(11), 1407–1415. https://doi.org/10.1111/CEA.12774
  58. Хаитов Р.М. (2009). Аллергология и иммунология: национальное руководство / Под ред. Хаитова Р.М., Ильиной Н.И. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа. 2009. 656 с.
  59. Cox L. (2011). Overview of serological-specific IgE antibody testing in children. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 11(6), 447–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11882-011-0226-3
  60. Ansotegui, I. J., Melioli, G., Canonica, G. W., Gómez, R. M., Jensen-Jarolim, E., Ebisawa, M., Luengo, O., Caraballo, L., Passalacqua, G., Poulsen, L. K., Savi, E., Zuberbier, T., Villa, E., Oppenheimer, J., Asero, R., Bernstein, J., Bousquet, J., Cardona, V., Cox, L., … Yáñez, A. (2020). A WAO - ARIA - GA2LEN consensus document on molecular-based allergy diagnosis (PAMD@): Update 2020. The World Allergy Organization Journal, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WAOJOU.2019.100091
  61. Louis, R., Satia, I., Ojanguren, I., Schleich, F., Bonini, M., Tonia, T., Rigau, D., Brinke, A. ten, Buhl, R., Loukides, S., Kocks, J. W. H., Boulet, L. P., Bourdin, A., Coleman, C., Needham, K., Thomas, M., Idzko, M., Papi, A., Porsbjerg, C., … Usmani, O. S. (2022). European Respiratory Society Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Asthma in Adults. The European Respiratory Journal, 60(3). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01585-2021
  62. Azad, M. B., Chan-Yeung, M., Chan, E. S., Dytnerski, A. M., Kozyrskyj, A. L., Ramsey, C., & Becker, A. B. (2016). Wheezing Patterns in Early Childhood and the Risk of Respiratory and Allergic Disease in Adolescence. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(4), 393–395. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2015.4127
  63. Nowak R.M., Tomlanovich M.C., Sarkar D.D., Kvale P.A., Anderson J.A. Arterial blood gases and pulmonary function testing in acute bronchial asthma. Predicting patient outcomes. JAMA 1983; 249: 2043–2046.
  64. Федеральные клинические рекомендации. Первичные иммунодефициты с преимущественной недостаточностью синтеза антител. РААКИ. Национальная Ассоциация Экспертов в области Первичных Иммунодефицитов. 2024г. Retrieved February 9, 2024, https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/735_1
  65. Чучалин А.Г. Болезни, ассоциированные с иммуноглобулином G. Терапевтический архив. 2018. Т. 90. №3. c.4-9. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2017-27-3-311-319
  66. Латышева Т.В., Медуницына Е.Н. Инфекционные заболевания дыхательного тракта у больных с бронхиальной астмой. РМЖ. 2007. № 7 с.60. https://www.rmj.ru/articles/bolezni_dykhatelnykh_putey/Infekcionnye_zabolevaniya_dyhatelynogo_trakta_u_bolynyh_s_bronhialynoy_astmoy/
  67. Liu, X. X., Zhu, X. M., Miao, Q., Ye, H. Y., Zhang, Z. Y., & Li, Y. M. (2014). Hyperglycemia induced by glucocorticoids in nondiabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism, 65(4), 324–332. https://doi.org/10.1159/000365892
  68. Seelig, E., Meyer, S., Timper, K., Nigro, N., Bally, M., Pernicova, I., Schuetz, P., Müller, B., Korbonits, M., & Christ-Crain, M. (2017). Metformin prevents metabolic side effects during systemic glucocorticoid treatment. European Journal of Endocrinology, 176(3), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-16-0653
  69. Ayuk, A. C., Uwaezuoke, S. N., Ndukwu, C. I., Ndu, I. K., Iloh, K. K., & Okoli, C. V. (2017). Spirometry in Asthma Care: A Review of the Trends and Challenges in Pediatric Practice. Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics, 11, 117955651772067. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179556517720675
  70. Chhabra, S. K. (2015). Clinical application of spirometry in asthma: Why, when and how often? Lung India, 32(6), 635–637. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.168139
  71. Gallucci, M., Carbonara, P., Pacilli, A. M. G., di Palmo, E., Ricci, G., & Nava, S. (2019). Use of Symptoms Scores, Spirometry, and Other Pulmonary Function Testing for Asthma Monitoring. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 7(MAR). https://doi.org/10.3389/FPED.2019.00054
  72. Спирометрия. Федеральные методические рекомендации. Российское респираторное общество. Российская ассоциация специалистов функциональной диагностики. Российское научное медицинское общество терапевтов. 2023 г. 64с. https://spulmo.ru/upload/kr/Spirometria_2023.pdf?t=1
  73. Каменева М.Ю., Черняк А.В., Айсанов З.Р., Авдеев С.Н., Бабак С.Л., Белевский А.С., Берестень Н.Ф., Калманова Е.Н., Малявин А.Г., Перельман Ю.М., Приходько А.Г., Стручков П.В., Чикина С.Ю., Чушкин М.И. Спирометрия: методическое руководство по проведению исследования и интерпретации результатов. Пульмонология. 2023; 33 (3): 307–340. https://doi.org/10.18093/08690189-2023-33-3-307-340
  74. Чучалин А.Г., Айсанов З.Р., Чикина С.Ю. и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации Российского респираторного общества по использованию метода спирометрии. Пульмонология. 2014/ №6, с.11–24. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2014-0-6-11-24
  75. Graham, B. L., Steenbruggen, I., Barjaktarevic, I. Z., Cooper, B. G., Hall, G. L., Hallstrand, T. S., Kaminsky, D. A., McCarthy, K., McCormack, M. C., Miller, M. R., Oropez, C. E., Rosenfeld, M., Stanojevic, S., Swanney, M. P., & Thompson, B. R. (2019). Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 200(8), E70–E88. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.201908-1590ST
  76. Pellegrino, R., Viegi, G., Brusasco, V., Crapo, R. O., Burgos, F., Casaburi, R., Coates, A., van der Grinten, C. P. M., Gustafsson, P., Hankinson, J., Jensen, R., Johnson, D. C., MacIntyre, N., McKay, R., Miller, M. R., Navajas, D., Pedersen, O. F., & Wanger, J. (2005). Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. The European Respiratory Journal, 26(5), 948–968. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00035205
  77. Shipp, C. L., Gergen, P. J., Gern, J. E., Matsui, E. C., & Guilbert, T. W. (2023). Asthma Management in Children. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 11(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2022.10.031
  78. Martin, J., Townshend, J., & Brodlie, M. (2022). Diagnosis and management of asthma in children. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJPO-2021-001277
  79. Gaillard, E. A., Kuehni, C. E., Turner, S., Goutaki, M., Holden, K. A., de Jong, C. C. M., Lex, C., Lo, D. K. H., Lucas, J. S., Midulla, F., Mozun, R., Piacentini, G., Rigau, D., Rottier, B., Thomas, M., Tonia, T., Usemann, J., Yilmaz, O., Zacharasiewicz, A., & Moeller, A. (2021). European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5-16 years. The European Respiratory Journal, 58(5). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.04173-2020
  80. Mishra, A., Ugra, D., & Kumar, U. (2020). Study of spirometry parameters in suspected asthmatic children in a tertiary care hospital. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 7(5), 1023. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.IJCP20201631
  81. Reddel, H., Ware, S., Marks, G., Salome, C., Jenkins, C., & Woolcock, A. (1999). Differences between asthma exacerbations and poor asthma control. Lancet (London, England), 353(9150), 364–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)06128-5
  82. Курбачева О.М., Павлова К. С. (2016). Федеральные клинические рекомендации. Аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия. Российский Аллергологический Журнал, №4–5, с.55–61.
  83. Чучалин, А., Черняк, А., Чикина, С., Авдеев, С., Науменко, Ж., Неклюдова, Г., Айсанов, З., & Калманова, Е. (2009). Функциональная диагностика в пульмонологии: Практическое руководство. 192с.
  84. Tan, W. C., Vollmer, W. M., Lamprecht, B., Mannino, D. M., Jithoo, A., Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E., Mejza, F., Gislason, T., Burney, P. G. J., & Buist, A. S. (2012). Worldwide patterns of bronchodilator responsiveness: results from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Thorax, 67(8), 718–726. https://doi.org/10.1136/THORAXJNL-2011-201445
  85. Hallstrand, T. S., Leuppi, J. D., Joos, G., Hall, G. L., Carlsen, K. H., Kaminsky, D. A., Coates, A. L., Cockcroft, D. W., Culver, B. H., Diamant, Z., Gauvreau, G. M., Horvath, I., De Jongh, F. H. C., Laube, B. L., Sterk, P. J., & Wanger, J. (2018). ERS technical standard on bronchial challenge testing: pathophysiology and methodology of indirect airway challenge testing. The European Respiratory Journal, 52(5). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01033-2018
  86. Красновский А.Л., Григорьев С.П., Александров О.В., Лошкарева Е.О., Корвяков С.А., Короткова Е.С. Провокационные бронхоконстрикторные тесты в современной пульмонологической практике. РМЖ, 2014, №4, с.41-46. https://doi.org/10.17816/rmj38189
  87. Ora, J., De Marco, P., Gabriele, M., Cazzola, M., & Rogliani, P. (2024). Exercise-Induced Asthma: Managing Respiratory Issues in Athletes. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 9(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010015
  88. Crapo, R. O., Casaburi, R., Coates, A. L., Enright, P. L., Hankinson, J. L., Irvin, C. G., MacIntyre, N. R., McKay, R. T., Wanger, J. S., Anderson, S. D., Cockcroft, D. W., Fish, J. E., & Sterk, P. J. (2000). Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 161(1), 309–329. https://doi.org/10.1164/AJRCCM.161.1.ATS11-99
  89. Swartz, E., & Lang, D. (2008). When should a methacholine challenge be ordered for a patient with suspected asthma? Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 75(1), 37–40. https://doi.org/10.3949/CCJM.75.1.37
  90. Dell, S. D., Bola, S. S., Foty, R. G., Marshall, L. C., Nelligan, K. A., & Coates, A. L. (2015). Provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% drop in FEV1 should be used to interpret methacholine challenge tests with modern nebulizers. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 12(3), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201409-433OC
  91. Скороходкина О.В., Лунцов А.В. Бронхомоторные тесты в клинической диагностике бронхиальной астмы. Вестник современной клинической медицины. 2012. Т.5, №2, с.24-29. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/bronhomotornye-testy-v-klinicheskoy-diagnostike-bronhialnoy-astmy
  92. Coates, A. L., Wanger, J., Cockcroft, D. W., Culver, B. H., Carlsen, K. H., Diamant, Z., Gauvreau, G., Hall, G. L., Hallstrand, T. S., Horvath, I., De Jongh, F. H. C., Joos, G., Kaminsky, D. A., Laube, B. L., Leuppi, J. D., & Sterk, P. J. (2017). ERS technical standard on bronchial challenge testing: general considerations and performance of methacholine challenge tests. The European Respiratory Journal, 49(5). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01526-2016
  93. Helen Ramsdale, E., Morris, M. M., Roberts, R. S., & Hargreave, F. E. (1985). Asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness in rhinitis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 75(5), 573–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(85)90032-6
  94. Ramsdale, E. H., Morris, M. M., Roberts, R. S., & Hargreave, F. E. (1984). Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in chronic bronchitis: Relationship to airflow obstruction and cold air responsiveness. Thorax, 39(12), 912–918. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.39.12.912
  95. van Haren, E. H. J., Lammers, J. W. J., Festen, J., Heijerman, H. G. M., Groot, C. A. R., & van Herwaarden, C. L. A. (1995). The effects of the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide on lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Respiratory Medicine, 89(3), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0954-6111(95)90249-X
  96. Joshi, S., Powell, T., Watkins, W. J., Drayton, M., Williams, E. M., & Kotecha, S. (2013). Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in school-aged children who had chronic lung disease in infancy. The Journal of Pediatrics, 162(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDS.2012.09.040
  97. Nowak, R. M., Pensler, M. I., Sarkar, D. D., Anderson, J. A., Kvale, P. A., Ortiz, A. E., & Tomlanovich, M. C. (1982). Comparison of peak expiratory flow and FEV1 admission criteria for acute bronchial asthma. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 11(2), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0644(82)80298-9
  98. Reddel, H. K., Marks, G. B., & Jenkins, C. R. (2004). When can personal best peak flow be determined for asthma action plans? Thorax, 59(11), 922–924. https://doi.org/10.1136/THX.2004.023077
  99. Лукина О.Ф., Фастовская А.М., Хан М.А., Середа Е.В., Симонова О.И., Тарасова О.В. Импульсная осциллометрия в оценке нарушений дыхания у детей с хроническими заболеваниями легких. Вопросы диагностики в педиатрии 2010. №3, с.24-28.
  100. Лукина О.Ф. Особенности исследования функции внешнего дыхания у детей и подростков. Практическая пульмонология. 2017,| №4, с.39-43. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-issledovaniya-funktsii-vneshnego-dyhaniya-u-detey-i-podrostkov
  101. Kim, H. Y., Shin, Y. H., Jung, D. W., Jee, H. M., Park, H. W., & Han, M. Y. (2009). Resistance and reactance in oscillation lung function reflect basal lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness respectively. Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), 14(7), 1035–1041. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1843.2009.01605.X
  102. Konstantinou, G. N., Xepapadaki, P., Papadopoulos, N. G., & Manousakis, E. (2019). Virus-Induced Asthma/Wheeze in Preschool Children: Longitudinal Assessment of Airflow Limitation Using Impulse Oscillometry. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/JCM8091475
  103. Rupani, H., & Kent, B. D. (2022). Using Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement in Clinical Asthma Management. Chest, 161(4), 906–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEST.2021.10.015
  104. Di Cicco, M., Peroni, D. G., Ragazzo, V., & Comberiati, P. (2021). Application of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in pediatric asthma. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 21(2), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000726
  105. Ferraro, V., Carraro, S., Bozzetto, S., Zanconato, S., & Baraldi, E. (2018). Exhaled biomarkers in childhood asthma: old and new approaches. Asthma Research and Practice, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S40733-018-0045-6
  106. Singer, F., Luchsinger, I., Inci, D., Knauer, N., Latzin, P., Wildhaber, J. H., & Moeller, A. (2013). Exhaled nitric oxide in symptomatic children at preschool age predicts later asthma. Allergy, 68(4), 531–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/ALL.12127
  107. Chien, J. W., Ciufo, R., Novak, R., Skowronski, M., Nelson, J. A., Coreno, A., & McFadden, E. R. (2000). Uncontrolled oxygen administration and respiratory failure in acute asthma. Chest, 117(3), 728–733. https://doi.org/10.1378/CHEST.117.3.728
  108. White, C. S., Cole, R. P., Lubetsky, H. W., & Austin, J. H. M. (1991). Acute asthma. Admission chest radiography in hospitalized adult patients. Chest, 100(1), 14–16. https://doi.org/10.1378/CHEST.100.1.14
  109. Trottier, E. D., Chan, K., Allain, D., & Chauvin-Kimoff, L. (2021). Managing an acute asthma exacerbation in children. Paediatrics & Child Health, 26(7), 438–438. https://doi.org/10.1093/PCH/PXAB058
  110. Akar-Ghibril, N., Casale, T., Custovic, A., & Phipatanakul, W. (2020). Allergic Endotypes and Phenotypes of Asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 8(2), 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2019.11.008
  111. Dibek Misirlioǧlu, E., & Reha Cengizlier, M. (2007). Skin prick test results of child patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma. Allergologia et Immunopathologia, 35(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.1157/13099091
  112. Bousquet, J., Heinzerling, L., Bachert, C., Papadopoulos, N. G., Bousquet, P. J., Burney, P. G., Canonica, G. W., Carlsen, K. H., Cox, L., Haahtela, T., Lodrup Carlsen, K. C., Price, D., Samolinski, B., Simons, F. E. R., Wickman, M., Annesi-Maesano, I., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bergmann, K. C., Bindslev-Jensen, C., … Demoly, P. (2012). Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens. Allergy, 67(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1398-9995.2011.02728.X
  113. Mapp, C. E., Boschetto, P., Maestrelli, P., & Fabbri, L. M. (2005). Occupational asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 172(3), 280–305. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.200311-1575SO
  114. Baur, X., Sigsgaard, T., Aasen, T. B., Burge, P. S., Heederik, D., Henneberger, P., Maestrelli, P., Rooyackers, J., Schlünssen, V., Vandenplas, O., & Wilken, D. (2012). Guidelines for the management of work-related asthma. The European Respiratory Journal, 39(3), 529–545. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00096111
  115. Park D, Moore V.C., Burge C.B.S.G, Jaakkola M.S., Robertson A.S., Burge P.S. (2009). Serial PEF measurement is superior to crossshift change in diagnosing occupational asthma. The European Respiratory Journal, 34(3), 574-578. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00150108
  116. Malo, J. L., Cartier, A., L’Archeveque, J., Cóte, J., Boulet, L. P., & Chan-Yeung, M. (1993). How many times per day should peak expiratory flow rates be assessed when investigating occupational asthma? Thorax, 48(12), 1211–1217. https://doi.org/10.1136/THX.48.12.1211
  117. Cebrail S., Bilge A., Gulden S. (2021) Comparison of Specific Inhalation Challenge Test Results in Occupational and NonOccupational Asthma Patients: Is Monitoring Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Sufficient for Diagnosis? International Journal of Pulmonary & Respiratory Sciences, 5(4): 555666. https://doi.org/10.19080/IJOPRS.2021.05.555666
  118. DiMango, E., Rogers, L., Reibman, J., Gerald, L. B., Brown, M., Sugar, E. A., Henderson, R., & Holbrook, J. T. (2018). Risk Factors for Asthma Exacerbation and Treatment Failure in Adults and Adolescents with Well-controlled Asthma during Continuation and Step-Down Therapy. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 15(8), 955–961. https://doi.org/10.1513/ANNALSATS.201711-886OC
  119. Usmani, O. S., Kemppinen, A., Gardener, E., Thomas, V., Konduru, P. R., Callan, C., McLoughlin, A., Woodhead, V., Brady, A., Juniper, E. F., Barnes, P. J., & Price, D. (2017). A Randomized Pragmatic Trial of Changing to and Stepping Down Fluticasone/Formoterol in Asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 5(5), 1378-1387.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2017.02.006
  120. Ducharme, F. M., Zemek, R., Chauhan, B. F., Gravel, J., Chalut, D., Poonai, N., Guertin, M. C., Quach, C., Blondeau, L., & Laberge, S. (2016). Factors associated with failure of emergency department management in children with acute moderate or severe asthma: a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 4(12), 990–998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30160-6
  121. Alimani, G. S., Ananth, S., Boccabella, C., Khaleva, E., Roberts, G., Papadopoulos, N. G., Kosmidis, C., Vestbo, J., Papageorgiou, E., Beloukas, A., & Mathioudakis, A. G. (2023). Prevalence and clinical implications of respiratory viruses in asthma during stable disease state and acute attacks: Protocol for a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 18(11 November). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294416
  122. Xiong, S., Chen, W., Jia, X., Jia, Y., & Liu, C. (2023). Machine learning for prediction of asthma exacerbations among asthmatic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-023-02570-w
  123. Castillo, J. R., Peters, S. P., & Busse, W. W. (2017). Asthma Exacerbations: Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 5(4), 918–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2017.05.001
  124. Robijn, A. L., Bokern, M. P., Jensen, M. E., Barker, D., Baines, K. J., & Murphy, V. E. (2022). Risk factors for asthma exacerbations during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Respiratory Review : An Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society, 31(164). https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0039-2022
  125. Leuppi, J. D., Salome, C. M., Jenkins, C. R., Anderson, S. D., Xuan, W., Marks, G. B., Koskela, H., Brannan, J. D., Freed, R., Andersson, M., Chan, H. K., & Woolcock, A. J. (2001). Predictive markers of asthma exacerbation during stepwise dose reduction of inhaled corticosteroids. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 163(2), 406–412. https://doi.org/10.1164/AJRCCM.163.2.9912091
  126. Crossingham, I., Turner, S., Ramakrishnan, S., Fries, A., Gowell, M., Yasmin, F., Richardson, R., Webb, P., O’Boyle, E., & Hinks, T. S. C. (2021). Combination fixed-dose beta agonist and steroid inhaler as required for adults or children with mild asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013518.pub2
  127. Krings, J. G., & Beasley, R. (2024). The Role of ICS-Containing Rescue Therapy Versus SABA Alone in Asthma Management Today. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2024.01.011
  128. Domingo, C., & Singh, D. (2023). The Changing Asthma Management Landscape and Need for Appropriate SABA Prescription. Advances in Therapy, 40(4), 1301–1316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-022-02410-z
  129. Beasley, R., Holliday, M., Reddel, H. K., Braithwaite, I., Ebmeier, S., Hancox, R. J., Harrison, T., Houghton, C., Oldfield, K., Papi, A., Pavord, I. D., Williams, M., & Weatherall, M. (2019). Controlled Trial of Budesonide-Formoterol as Needed for Mild Asthma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 380(21), 2020–2030. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA1901963
  130. O’Byrne, P. M., FitzGerald, J. M., Bateman, E. D., Barnes, P. J., Zhong, N., Keen, C., Jorup, C., Lamarca, R., Ivanov, S., & Reddel, H. K. (2018). Inhaled Combined Budesonide-Formoterol as Needed in Mild Asthma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 378(20), 1865–1876. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA1715274
  131. Hatter, L., Bruce, P., Braithwaite, I., Holliday, M., Fingleton, J., Weatherall, M., & Beasley, R. (2021). ICS-formoterol reliever versus ICS and short-acting β2-agonist reliever in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ERJ Open Research, 7(1), 00701–02020. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00701-2020
  132. Stanford, R. H., Shah, M. B., D’Souza, A. O., Dhamane, A. D., & Schatz, M. (2012). Short-acting β-agonist use and its ability to predict future asthma-related outcomes. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 109(6), 403–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANAI.2012.08.014
  133. Bhagat, R., Swystun, V. A., & Cockcroft, D. W. (1996). Salbutamol-induced increased airway responsiveness to allergen and reduced protection versus methacholine: dose response. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 97(1 Pt 1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(96)70282-8
  134. Hancox, R. J., Cowan, J. O., Flannery, E. M., Herbison, G. P., Mclachlan, C. R., & Taylor, D. R. (2000). Bronchodilator tolerance and rebound bronchoconstriction during regular inhaled beta-agonist treatment. Respiratory Medicine, 94(8), 767–771. https://doi.org/10.1053/RMED.2000.0820
  135. Kraft, M., Richardson, M., Hallmark, B., Billheimer, D., Van den Berge, M., Fabbri, L. M., Van der Molen, T., Nicolini, G., Papi, A., Rabe, K. F., Singh, D., Brightling, C., Siddiqui, S., Pizzichini, E., Cukier, A., Stelmach, R., Olivenstein, R., Zhang, Q., Badorrek, P., … Hanania, N. (2022). The role of small airway dysfunction in asthma control and exacerbations: a longitudinal, observational analysis using data from the ATLANTIS study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 10(7), 661–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00536-1
  136. Amin, S., Soliman, M., McIvor, A., Cave, A., & Cabrera, C. (2020). Usage Patterns of Short-Acting β2-Agonists and Inhaled Corticosteroids in Asthma: A Targeted Literature Review. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(8), 2556-2564.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.013
  137. Cho, Y. S., & Oh, Y. M. (2019). Dilemma of Asthma Treatment in Mild Patients. Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 82(3), 190–193. https://doi.org/10.4046/TRD.2018.0013
  138. Bateman, E. D., Reddel, H. K., O’Byrne, P. M., Barnes, P. J., Zhong, N., Keen, C., Jorup, C., Lamarca, R., Siwek-Posluszna, A., & FitzGerald, J. M. (2018). As-Needed Budesonide–Formoterol versus Maintenance Budesonide in Mild Asthma. New England Journal of Medicine, 378(20), 1877–1887. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1715275
  139. Singh, D., Garcia, G., Maneechotesuwan, K., Daley-Yates, P., Irusen, E., Aggarwal, B., Boucot, I., & Berend, N. (2022). New Versus Old: The Impact of Changing Patterns of Inhaled Corticosteroid Prescribing and Dosing Regimens in Asthma Management. Advances in Therapy, 39(5), 1895–1914. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-022-02092-7
  140. O’Byrne, P. M., & Mejza, F. (2018). Advances in the treatment of mild asthma: recent evidence. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 128(9), 545–549. https://doi.org/10.20452/PAMW.4341
  141. Papi, A., Canonica, G. W., Maestrelli, P., Paggiaro, P., Olivieri, D., Pozzi, E., Crimi, N., Vignola, A. M., Morelli, P., Nicolini, G., & Fabbri, L. M. (2007). Rescue Use of Beclomethasone and Albuterol in a Single Inhaler for Mild Asthma. New England Journal of Medicine, 356(20), 2040–2052. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa063861
  142. Martinez, F. D., Chinchilli, V. M., Morgan, W. J., Boehmer, S. J., Lemanske, R. F., Mauger, D. T., Strunk, R. C., Szefler, S. J., Zeiger, R. S., Bacharier, L. B., Bade, E., Covar, R. A., Friedman, N. J., Guilbert, T. W., Heidarian-Raissy, H., Kelly, H. W., Malka-Rais, J., Mellon, M. H., Sorkness, C. A., & Taussig, L. (2011). Use of beclomethasone dipropionate as rescue treatment for children with mild persistent asthma (TREXA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 377(9766), 650–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62145-9
  143. Cates, C. J., & Karner, C. (2013). Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice (including inhaled steroid maintenance), for chronic asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007313.pub3
  144. Reddel, H. K., Bateman, E. D., Schatz, M., Krishnan, J. A., & Cloutier, M. M. (2022). A Practical Guide to Implementing SMART in Asthma Management. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 10(1S), S31–S38. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2021.10.011
  145. Ulmeanu, R., Bloju, S., & Vittos, O. (2022). Assessment of Symptoms Control, Pulmonary Function and Related Quality of Life in Asthmatic Patients Treated with Extrafine Beclomethasone Dipropionate/Formoterol Fumarate 100/6 μg pMDI: Results of a Multicenter Observational Study in Romania (ALFRESCO Study). Journal of Asthma and Allergy, 15, 919–933. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S358798
  146. Singh, D., Garcia, G., Maneechotesuwan, K., Daley-Yates, P., Irusen, E., Aggarwal, B., Boucot, I., & Berend, N. (2022). New Versus Old: The Impact of Changing Patterns of Inhaled Corticosteroid Prescribing and Dosing Regimens in Asthma Management. Advances in Therapy, 39(5), 1895–1914. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12325-022-02092-7
  147. Sobieraj, D. M., Weeda, E. R., Nguyen, E., Coleman, C. I., Michael White, C., Lazarus, S. C., Blake, K. V., Lang, J. E., & Baker, W. L. (2018). Association of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting β-Agonists as Controller and Quick Relief Therapy With Exacerbations and Symptom Control in Persistent Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA, 319(14), 1485–1496. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2018.2769
  148. Singh, D., Garcia, G., Maneechotesuwan, K., Daley-Yates, P., Irusen, E., Aggarwal, B., Boucot, I., & Berend, N. (2022). New Versus Old: The Impact of Changing Patterns of Inhaled Corticosteroid Prescribing and Dosing Regimens in Asthma Management. Advances in Therapy, 39(5), 1895–1914. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12325-022-02092-7
  149. Vogelmeier, C., Naya, I., & Ekelund, J. (2012). Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy in Asian patients (aged ≥16 years) with asthma: a sub-analysis of the COSMOS study. Clinical Drug Investigation, 32(7), 439–449. https://doi.org/10.2165/11598840-000000000-00000
  150. Bateman, E. D., Harrison, T. W., Quirce, S., Reddel, H. K., Buhl, R., Humbert, M., Jenkins, C. R., Peterson, S., Östlund, O., O’Byrne, P. M., Sears, M. R., & Eriksson, G. S. (2011). Overall asthma control achieved with budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy for patients on different treatment steps. Respiratory Research, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-12-38
  151. Chong, J., Haran, C., & Asher, I. (2014). Intermittent inhaled corticosteroid therapy versus placebo for persistent asthma in children and adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011032
  152. Sumino, K., Bacharier, L. B., Taylor, J., Chadwick-Mansker, K., Curtis, V., Nash, A., Jackson-Triggs, S., Moen, J., Schechtman, K. B., Garbutt, J., & Castro, M. (2020). A Pragmatic Trial of Symptom-Based Inhaled Corticosteroid Use in African-American Children with Mild Asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 8(1), 176-185.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2019.06.030
  153. Nielsen, K. G., & Bisgaard, H. (2000). The effect of inhaled budesonide on symptoms, lung function, and cold air and methacholine responsiveness in 2- to 5-year-old asthmatic children. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 162(4 Pt 1), 1500–1506. https://doi.org/10.1164/AJRCCM.162.4.2002019
  154. Pao, C. S., McKenzie, S. A., Bisgaard, H., & Nielsen, K. G. (2001). Inhaled corticosteroids for persistent wheeze in preschool children [3] (multiple letters). American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 163(5), 1278. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.1635c
  155. Castro-Rodriguez, J. A., Rodriguez-Martinez, C. E., & Ducharme, F. M. (2018). Daily inhaled corticosteroids or montelukast for preschoolers with asthma or recurrent wheezing: A systematic review. Pediatric Pulmonology, 53(12), 1670–1677. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24176
  156. Zhang, H. P., Jia, C. E., Lv, Y., Gibson, P. G., & Wang, G. (2014). Montelukast for prevention and treatment of asthma exacerbations in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 35(4), 278–287. https://doi.org/10.2500/AAP.2014.35.3745
  157. Mayoral, K., Lizano-Barrantes, C., Zamora, V., Pont, A., Miret, C., Barrufet, C., Caballero-Rabasco, M. A., Praena-Crespo, M., Bercedo, A., Valdesoiro-Navarrete, L., Guerra, M. T., Pardo, Y., Zapata, M. J. M., Garin, O., & Ferrer, M. (2023). Montelukast in paediatric asthma and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Respiratory Review : An Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society, 32(170). https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0124-2023
  158. Kaiser, S. V., Huynh, T., Bacharier, L. B., Rosenthal, J. L., Bakel, L. A., Parkin, P. C., & Cabana, M. D. (2016). Preventing Exacerbations in Preschoolers With Recurrent Wheeze: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 137(6). https://doi.org/10.1542/PEDS.2015-4496
  159. Szefler, S. J., Baker, J. W., Uryniak, T., Goldman, M., & Silkoff, P. E. (2007). Comparative study of budesonide inhalation suspension and montelukast in young children with mild persistent asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 120(5), 1043–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2007.08.063
  160. Fitzpatrick, A. M., Jackson, D. J., Mauger, D. T., Boehmer, S. J., Phipatanakul, W., Sheehan, W. J., Moy, J. N., Paul, I. M., Bacharier, L. B., Cabana, M. D., Covar, R., Holguin, F., Lemanske, R. F., Martinez, F. D., Pongracic, J. A., Beigelman, A., Baxi, S. N., Benson, M., Blake, K., … Szefler, S. J. (2016). Individualized therapy for persistent asthma in young children. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 138(6), 1608-1618.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2016.09.028
  161. Chauhan, B. F., Chartrand, C., Ni Chroinin, M., Milan, S. J., & Ducharme, F. M. (2015). Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007949.pub2
  162. Ducharme, F. M., Ni Chroinin, M., Greenstone, I., & Lasserson, T. J. (2010). Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled steroids versus higher dose inhaled steroids in adults and children with persistent asthma. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005533.PUB2
  163. Ni Chroinin, M., Greenstone, I., Lasserson, T. J., & Ducharme, F. M. (2009). Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled steroids as first line therapy for persistent asthma in steroid-naive adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005307.pub2
  164. Ducharme, F. M., Ni Chroinin, M., Greenstone, I., & Lasserson, T. J. (2010). Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids versus same dose inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd005535.pub2
  165. Greenstone, I. I., Ni Chroinin, M., Lasserson, T. J., & Ducharme, F. (2005). Combination of inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists and inhaled steroids versus higher dose of inhaled steroids in children and adults with persistent asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd005533
  166. Powell, H., & Gibson, P. G. (2003). Inhaled corticosteroid doses in asthma: an evidence-based approach. The Medical Journal of Australia, 178(5), 223–225. https://doi.org/10.5694/J.1326-5377.2003.TB05167.X
  167. Szefler, S. J., Martin, R. J., King, T. S., Boushey, H. A., Cherniack, R. M., Chinchilli, V. M., Craig, T. J., Dolovich, M., Drazen, J. M., Fagan, J. K., Fahy, J. V., Fish, J. E., Ford, J. G., Israel, E., Kiley, J., Kraft, M., Lazarus, S. C., Lemanske, R. F., Mauger, E., … Sorkness, C. A. (2002). Significant variability in response to inhaled corticosteroids for persistent asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 109(3), 410–418. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.122635
  168. Evans, D. J., Taylor, D. A., Zetterstrom, O., Chung, K. F., O’Connor, B. J., & Barnes, P. J. (1997). A comparison of low-dose inhaled budesonide plus theophylline and high-dose inhaled budesonide for moderate asthma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 337(20), 1412–1419. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199711133372002
  169. Castro-Rodriguez, J. A., Custovic, A., & Ducharme, F. M. (2016). Treatment of asthma in young children: evidence-based recommendations. Asthma Research and Practice 2016 2:1, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40733-016-0020-Z
  170. Castro-Rodriguez, J. A., & Rodrigo, G. J. (2009). Efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in infants and preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and asthma: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 123(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/PEDS.2008-2867
  171. Yoshihara, S., Tsubaki, T., Ikeda, M., Lenney, W., Tomiak, R., Hattori, T., Hashimoto, K., Soutome, T., & Kato, S. (2019). The efficacy and safety of fluticasone/salmeterol compared to fluticasone in children younger than four years of age. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 30(2), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1111/PAI.13010
  172. Kew, K. M., & Dahri, K. (2016). Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long-acting beta2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/ICS) versus LABA/ICS for adults with asthma. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011721.PUB2
  173. Kerstjens, H. A. M., Maspero, J., Chapman, K. R., van Zyl-Smit, R. N., Hosoe, M., Tanase, A. M., Lavecchia, C., Pethe, A., Shu, X., & D’Andrea, P. (2020). Once-daily, single-inhaler mometasone-indacaterol-glycopyrronium versus mometasone-indacaterol or twice-daily fluticasone-salmeterol in patients with inadequately controlled asthma (IRIDIUM): a randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 3 study. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine, 8(10), 1000–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30190-9
  174. Virchow, J. C., Kuna, P., Paggiaro, P., Papi, A., Singh, D., Corre, S., Zuccaro, F., Vele, A., Kots, M., Georges, G., Petruzzelli, S., & Canonica, G. W. (2019). Single inhaler extrafine triple therapy in uncontrolled asthma (TRIMARAN and TRIGGER): two double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, controlled phase 3 trials. Lancet (London, England), 394(10210), 1737–1749. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32215-9
  175. Agusti, A., Fabbri, L., Lahousse, L., Singh, D., & Papi, A. (2022). Single inhaler triple therapy (SITT) in asthma: Systematic review and practice implications. Allergy, 77(4), 1105–1113. https://doi.org/10.1111/ALL.15076
  176. Kim, L. H. Y., Saleh, C., Whalen-Browne, A., O’Byrne, P. M., & Chu, D. K. (2021). Triple vs Dual Inhaler Therapy and Asthma Outcomes in Moderate to Severe Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA, 325(24), 2466–2479. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2021.7872
  177. Nakamura, Y., Hozawa, S., Sagara, H., Ohbayashi, H., Lee, L. A., Crawford, J., Tamaoki, J., Nishi, T., & Fowler, A. (2021). Efficacy and safety of once-daily, single-inhaler fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol versus fluticasone furoate/vilanterol in Japanese patients with inadequately controlled asthma: the CAPTAIN study. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 37(9), 1657–1665. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2021.1944849
  178. Umeda, A., Shimada, H., Yamane, T., Mochizuki, T., Inoue, Y., Tsushima, K., Miyagawa, K., Mochida, A., Takeda, H., Okada, Y., Masaki, K., Matsusaka, M., & Fukunaga, K. (2023). Real-world effects of once-daily inhaled steroid (fluticasone furoate) combined with long-acting beta-2 agonist (vilanterol) and long-acting muscarinic antagonist (umeclidinium) on lung function tests of asthma patients in Japan. Frontiers in Physiology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2023.1131949
  179. Siler, T. M., Kerwin, E., Sousa, A. R., Donald, A., Ali, R., & Church, A. (2015). Efficacy and safety of umeclidinium added to fluticasone furoate/vilanterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Results of two randomized studies. Respiratory Medicine, 109(9), 1155–1163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2015.06.006
  180. Gessner, C., Kornmann, O., Maspero, J., van Zyl-Smit, R., Krüll, M., Salina, A., Gupta, P., Bostel, S., Fucile, S., Conde, L. G., & Pfister, P. (2020). Fixed-dose combination of indacaterol/glycopyrronium/mometasone furoate once-daily versus salmeterol/fluticasone twice-daily plus tiotropium once-daily in patients with uncontrolled asthma: A randomised, Phase IIIb, non-inferiority study (ARGON). Respiratory Medicine, 170. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RMED.2020.106021
  181. van Zyl-Smit, R. N., Krüll, M., Gessner, C., Gon, Y., Noga, O., Richard, A., de los Reyes, A., Shu, X., Pethe, A., Tanase, A. M., & D’Andrea, P. (2020). Once-daily mometasone plus indacaterol versus mometasone or twice-daily fluticasone plus salmeterol in patients with inadequately controlled asthma (PALLADIUM): a randomised, double-blind, triple-dummy, controlled phase 3 study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(10), 987–999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30178-8
  182. Kerstjens, H. A. M., Casale, T. B., Bleecker, E. R., Meltzer, E. O., Pizzichini, E., Schmidt, O., Engel, M., Bour, L., Verkleij, C. B., Moroni-Zentgraf, P., & Bateman, E. D. (2015). Tiotropium or salmeterol as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids for patients with moderate symptomatic asthma: two replicate, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, active-comparator, randomised trials. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine, 3(5), 367–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00031-4
  183. Timmer, W., Moroni-Zentgraf, P., Cornelissen, P., Unseld, A., Pizzichini, E., & Buhl, R. (2015). Once-daily tiotropium Respimat® 5 μg is an efficacious 24-h bronchodilator in adults with symptomatic asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 109(3), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2014.12.005
  184. Rodrigo, G. J., & Neffen, H. (2017). Efficacy and safety of tiotropium in school-age children with moderate-to-severe symptomatic asthma: A systematic review. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 28(6), 573–578. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12759
  185. Ohta, K., Ichinose, M., Tohda, Y., Engel, M., Moroni-Zentgraf, P., Kunimitsu, S., Sakamoto, W., & Adachi, M. (2015). Long-term once-daily tiotropium Respimat® is well tolerated and maintains efficacy over 52 weeks in patients with symptomatic asthma in Japan: A randomised, placebo-controlled study. PLoS ONE, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124109
  186. Kew, K. M., Evans, D. J., Allison, D. E., & Boyter, A. C. (2015). Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus addition of long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) for adults with asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011438.pub2
  187. Löfdahl, C. G., Reiss, T. F., Leff, J. A., Israel, E., Noonan, M. J., Finn, A. F., Seidenberg, B. C., Capizzi, T., Kundu, S., & Godard, P. (1999). Randomised, placebo controlled trial of effect of a leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast, on tapering inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic patients. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 319(7202), 87–90. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.319.7202.87
  188. Price, D. B., Hernandez, D., Magyar, P., Fiterman, J., Beeh, K. M., James, I. G., Konstantopoulos, S., Rojas, R., van Noord, J. A., Pons, M., Gilles, L., & Leff, J. A. (2003). Randomised controlled trial of montelukast plus inhaled budesonide versus double dose inhaled budesonide in adult patients with asthma. Thorax, 58(3), 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1136/THORAX.58.3.211
  189. Vaquerizo, M. J., Gonzalez-Esteban, J., Casan, P., Sanchis, J., Castillo, J., Perpiña, M., Sobradillo, V., Valencia, A., Verea, H., Viejo, J. L., Villasante, C., & Picado, C. (2003). Effect of montelukast added to inhaled budesonide on control of mild to moderate asthma. Thorax, 58(3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1136/THORAX.58.3.204
  190. Tamaoki, J., Kondo, M., Sakai, N., Nakata, J., Takemura, H., Nagai, A., Takizawa, T., & Konno, K. (1997). Leukotriene antagonist prevents exacerbation of asthma during reduction of high-dose inhaled corticosteroid. The Tokyo Joshi-Idai Asthma Research Group. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 155(4), 1235–1240. https://doi.org/10.1164/AJRCCM.155.4.9105060
  191. Ye, Q., He, X. O., & D’Urzo, A. (2017). A Review on the Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled Corticosteroids in the Management of Asthma. Pulmonary Therapy 2017 3:1, 3(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/S41030-017-0043-5
  192. Malo, J. L., Cartier, A., Ghezzo, H., Trudeau, C., Morris, J., & Jennings, B. (1995). Comparison of four-times-a-day and twice-a-day dosing regimens in subjects requiring 1200 micrograms or less of budesonide to control mild to moderate asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 89(8), 537–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/0954-6111(95)90154-X
  193. Toogood, J. H., Baskerville, J. C., Jennings, B., Lefcoe, N. M., & Johansson, S. A. (1982). Influence of dosing frequency and schedule on the response of chronic asthmatics to the aerosol steroid, budesonide. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 70(4), 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(82)90065-3
  194. Normansell, R., Walker, S., Milan, S. J., Walters, E. H., & Nair, P. (2014). Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003559.PUB4
  195. Farne, H. A., Wilson, A., Milan, S., Banchoff, E., Yang, F., & Powell, C. V. E. (2022). Anti-IL-5 therapies for asthma. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010834.PUB4
  196. Powell, C., Milan, S. J., Dwan, K., Bax, L., & Walters, N. (2015). Mepolizumab versus placebo for asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010834.pub2
  197. Xiong, X. F., Zhu, M., Wu, H. X., Fan, L. L., & Cheng, D. Y. (2019). Efficacy and safety of dupilumab for the treatment of uncontrolled asthma: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Respiratory Research, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12931-019-1065-3
  198. Li, J., Wang, F., Lin, C., Du, J., Xiao, B., Du, C., & Sun, J. (2017). The efficacy and safety of reslizumab for inadequately controlled asthma with elevated blood eosinophil counts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Asthma, 54(3), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2016.1212371
  199. Wenzel, S., Castro, M., Corren, J., Maspero, J., Wang, L., Zhang, B., Pirozzi, G., Sutherland, E. R., Evans, R. R., Joish, V. N., Eckert, L., Graham, N. M. H., Stahl, N., Yancopoulos, G. D., Louis-Tisserand, M., & Teper, A. (2016). Dupilumab efficacy and safety in adults with uncontrolled persistent asthma despite use of medium-to-high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus a long-acting β2 agonist: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled pivotal phase 2b dose-ranging trial. The Lancet, 388(10039), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30307-5
  200. Corren, J., Karpefors, M., Hellqvist, Å., Parnes, J. R., & Colice, G. (2021). Tezepelumab Reduces Exacerbations Across All Seasons in Patients with Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma: A Post Hoc Analysis of the PATHWAY Phase 2b Study. Journal of Asthma and Allergy, 14, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S286036
  201. Busse, W. W., Castro, M., & Casale, T. B. (2023). Asthma Management in Adults. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 11(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2022.10.015
  202. Agache, I., Beltran, J., Akdis, C., Akdis, M., Canelo-Aybar, C., Canonica, G. W., Casale, T., Chivato, T., Corren, J., Del Giacco, S., Eiwegger, T., Firinu, D., Gern, J. E., Hamelmann, E., Hanania, N., Mäkelä, M., Hernández-Martín, I., Nair, P., O’Mahony, L., … Jutel, M. (2020). Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals (benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab and reslizumab) for severe eosinophilic asthma. A systematic review for the EAACI Guidelines - recommendations on the use of biologicals in severe asthma. Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 75(5), 1023–1042. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14221
  203. Farne, H. A., Wilson, A., Milan, S., Banchoff, E., Yang, F., & Powell, C. V. E. (2022). Anti-IL-5 therapies for asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2022(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010834.pub4
  204. Menzies-Gow, A., Gurnell, M., Heaney, L. G., Corren, J., Bel, E. H., Maspero, J., Harrison, T., Jackson, D. J., Price, D., Lugogo, N., Kreindler, J., Burden, A., de Giorgio-Miller, A., Padilla, K., Martin, U. J., & Garcia Gil, E. (2022). Oral corticosteroid elimination via a personalised reduction algorithm in adults with severe, eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (PONENTE): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm study. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine, 10(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00352-0
  205. Chheang, C., Guinand, S., von Garnier, C., & Sartori, C. (2022). New perspectives of biological therapy for severe asthma in adults and adolescents. Swiss Medical Weekly, 152(21–22). https://doi.org/10.4414/SMW.2022.W30176
  206. Wangberg, H., & Woessner, K. (2021). Choice of biologics in asthma endotypes. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 21(1), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000708
  207. Katsaounou, P., Buhl, R., Brusselle, G., Pfister, P., Martínez, R., Wahn, U., & Bousquet, J. (2019). Omalizumab as alternative to chronic use of oral corticosteroids in severe asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 150, 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RMED.2019.02.003
  208. Gon, Y., Maruoka, S., & Mizumura, K. (2022). Omalizumab and IgE in the Control of Severe Allergic Asthma. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHAR.2022.839011
  209. Henriksen, D. P., Bodtger, U., Sidenius, K., Maltbaek, N., Pedersen, L., Madsen, H., Andersson, E. A., Norgaard, O., Madsen, L. K., & Chawes, B. L. (2018). Efficacy, adverse events, and inter-drug comparison of mepolizumab and reslizumab anti-IL-5 treatments of severe asthma - a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Clinical Respiratory Journal, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20018525.2018.1536097
  210. Flood-Page, P. T., Menzies-Gow, A. N., Kay, A. B., & Robinson, D. S. (2003). Eosinophil’s role remains uncertain as anti-interleukin-5 only partially depletes numbers in asthmatic airway. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 167(2), 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.200208-789OC
  211. Garrett, J. K., Jameson, S. C., Thomson, B., Collins, M. H., Wagoner, L. E., Freese, D. K., Beck, L. A., Boyce, J. A., Filipovich, A. H., Villanueva, J. M., Sutton, S. A., Assa’ad, A. H., & Rothenberg, M. E. (2004). Anti-interleukin-5 (mepolizumab) therapy for hypereosinophilic syndromes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 113(1), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.049
  212. Egan, R. W., Athwal, D., Bodmer, M. W., Carter, J. M., Chapman, R. W., Chou, C. C., Cox, M. A., Emtage, J. S., Fernandez, X., Genatt, N., Indelicato, S. R., Jenh, C. H., Kreutner, W., Kung, T. T., Mauser, P. J., Minnicozzi, M., Murgolo, N. J., Narula, S. K., Petro, M. E., … Zurcher, J. (1999). Effect of Sch 55700, a humanized monoclonal antibody to human interleukin-5, on eosinophilic responses and bronchial hyperreactivity. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 49(9), 779–790. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0031-1300502
  213. Castro, M., Mathur, S., Hargreave, F., Boulet, L. P., Xie, F., Young, J., Jeffrey Wilkins, H., Henkel, T., & Nair, P. (2011). Reslizumab for poorly controlled, eosinophilic asthma: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 184(10), 1125–1132. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.201103-0396OC
  214. Castro, M., Zangrilli, J., Wechsler, M. E., Bateman, E. D., Brusselle, G. G., Bardin, P., Murphy, K., Maspero, J. F., O’Brien, C., & Korn, S. (2015). Reslizumab for inadequately controlled asthma with elevated blood eosinophil counts: results from two multicentre, parallel, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine, 3(5), 355–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00042-9
  215. Koike, M., Nakamura, K., Furuya, A., Iida, A., Anazawa, H., Takatsu, K., & Hanai, N. (2009). Establishment of humanized anti-interleukin-5 receptor alpha chain monoclonal antibodies having a potent neutralizing activity. Human Antibodies, 18(1–2), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.3233/HAB-2009-0198
  216. Kolbeck, R., Kozhich, A., Koike, M., Peng, L., Andersson, C. K., Damschroder, M. M., Reed, J. L., Woods, R., Dall’Acqua, W. W., Stephens, G. L., Erjefalt, J. S., Bjermer, L., Humbles, A. A., Gossage, D., Wu, H., Kiener, P. A., Spitalny, G. L., Mackay, C. R., Molfino, N. A., & Coyle, A. J. (2010). MEDI-563, a humanized anti-IL-5 receptor alpha mAb with enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity function. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 125(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2010.04.004
  217. Bachert, C., Han, J. K., Desrosiers, M., Hellings, P. W., Amin, N., Lee, S. E., Mullol, J., Greos, L. S., Bosso, J. V., Laidlaw, T. M., Cervin, A. U., Maspero, J. F., Hopkins, C., Olze, H., Canonica, G. W., Paggiaro, P., Cho, S. H., Fokkens, W. J., Fujieda, S., … Mannent, L. P. (2019). Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (LIBERTY NP SINUS-24 and LIBERTY NP SINUS-52): results from two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trials. Lancet (London, England), 394(10209), 1638–1650. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31881-1
  218. Guttman-Yassky, E., Bissonnette, R., Ungar, B., Suárez-Fariñas, M., Ardeleanu, M., Esaki, H., Suprun, M., Estrada, Y., Xu, H., Peng, X., Silverberg, J. I., Menter, A., Krueger, J. G., Zhang, R., Chaudhry, U., Swanson, B., Graham, N. M. H., Pirozzi, G., Yancopoulos, G. D., & Jennifer, J. D. (2019). Dupilumab progressively improves systemic and cutaneous abnormalities in patients with atopic dermatitis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 143(1), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2018.08.022
  219. Menzies-Gow, A., Corren, J., Bourdin, A., Chupp, G., Israel, E., Wechsler, M. E., Brightling, C. E., Griffiths, J. M., Hellqvist, Å., Bowen, K., Kaur, P., Almqvist, G., Ponnarambil, S., & Colice, G. (2021). Tezepelumab in Adults and Adolescents with Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384(19), 1800–1809. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA2034975
  220. Chen S, Tran TN, Cook W, Altraja A, Bourdin AA, Sheu CC, Tsai MJ, Hoyte F, Quinton AR, Emmanuel B, Goh C, Carter V, Price DP. Clinical outcomes and emergency health care utilization in patients with severe asthma who continued, switched, or stopped biologic therapy: results from the CLEAR STUDY. Chest 2022, 162(4), A23-A27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2022.08.019
  221. Haldar, P., Brightling, C. E., Singapuri, A., Hargadon, B., Gupta, S., Monteiro, W., Bradding, P., Green, R. H., Wardlaw, A. J., Ortega, H., & Pavord, I. D. (2014). Outcomes after cessation of mepolizumab therapy in severe eosinophilic asthma: a 12-month follow-up analysis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 133(3), 921–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2013.11.026
  222. Undela, K., Goldsmith, L., Kew, K. M., & Ferrara, G. (2021). Macrolides versus placebo for chronic asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002997.pub5
  223. Zimmermann, P., Ziesenitz, V. C., Curtis, N., & Ritz, N. (2018). The immunomodulatory effects of macrolides-A systematic review of the underlying mechanisms. Frontiers in Immunology, 9(MAR). https://doi.org/10.3389/FIMMU.2018.00302
  224. Hiles, S. A., McDonald, V. M., Guilhermino, M., Brusselle, G. G., & Gibson, P. G. (2019). Does maintenance azithromycin reduce asthma exacerbations? An individual participant data meta-analysis. The European Respiratory Journal, 54(5). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01381-2019
  225. Gibson, P. G., Yang, I. A., Upham, J. W., Reynolds, P. N., Hodge, S., James, A. L., Jenkins, C., Peters, M. J., Marks, G. B., Baraket, M., Powell, H., Taylor, S. L., Leong, L. E. X., Rogers, G. B., & Simpson, J. L. (2017). Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 390(10095), 659–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31281-3
  226. Brusselle, G. G., VanderStichele, C., Jordens, P., Deman, R., Slabbynck, H., Ringoet, V., Verleden, G., Demedts, I. K., Verhamme, K., Delporte, A., Demeyere, B., Claeys, G., Boelens, J., Padalko, E., Verschakelen, J., Van Maele, G., Deschepper, E., & Joos, G. F. P. (2013). Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in severe asthma (AZISAST): A multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Thorax, 68(4), 322–329. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202698
  227. Sadeghdoust, M., Mirsadraee, M., Aligolighasemabadi, F., Khakzad, M. R., Hashemi Attar, A., & Naghibi, S. (2021). Effect of azithromycin on bronchial wall thickness in severe persistent asthma: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Respiratory Medicine, 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RMED.2021.106494
  228. Nievas, I. F. F., & Anand, K. J. S. (2013). Severe acute asthma exacerbation in children: a stepwise approach for escalating therapy in a pediatric intensive care unit. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT : The Official Journal of PPAG, 18(2), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-18.2.88
  229. Cates, C. J., Welsh, E. J., & Rowe, B. H. (2013). Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000052.PUB3
  230. Haney, S., & Hancox, R. J. (2007). Overcoming beta-agonist tolerance: High dose salbutamol and ipratropium bromide. Two randomised controlled trials. Respiratory Research, 8(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-8-19/FIGURES/2_557
  231. Авдеев, С. Н., Жестков, А. В., Лещенко, И. В., Мартыненко, Т. И., Огородова, Л. М., & Черняк, Б. А. (2006). Небулизированный будесонид при тяжелом обострении бронхиальной астмы: сравнение с системными стероидами. Мультицентровое рандомизированное контролируемое исследование. Пульмонология, №4, с.58–67. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2006-4-58-67
  232. Бегунов А.В., Зарубина Е.Г., Бетанели Т.Ш. Небулайзерная терапия суспензией Пульмикорта при тяжелой бронхиальной астме. Практическая Пульмонология, 2003, №4, с.51-52. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nebulayzernaya-terapiya-suspenziey-pulmikorta-pri-tyazheloy-bronhialnoy-astme
  233. Edmonds, M. L., Milan, S. J., Camargo, C. A., Pollack, C. V., & Rowe, B. H. (2012). Early use of inhaled corticosteroids in the emergency department treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002308.pub2
  234. Edmonds, M. L., Milan, S. J., Brenner, B. E., Camargo, C. A., & Rowe, B. H. (2012). Inhaled steroids for acute asthma following emergency department discharge. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002316.pub2
  235. Volovitz, B. (2007). Inhaled budesonide in the management of acute worsenings and exacerbations of asthma: A review of the evidence. Respiratory Medicine, 101(4), 685–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.009
  236. Arulparithi, C. S., Babu, T. A., Ravichandran, C., Santhanam, I., Sathyamurthi, B., Parivathini, S., & Hemachitra, J. (2015). Efficacy of Nebulised Budesonide versus Oral Prednisolone in Acute Severe Asthma. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 82(4), 328–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-014-1498-0
  237. Chen, A. H., Zeng, G. Q., Chen, R. C., Zhan, J. Y., Sun, L. H., Huang, S. K., Yang, C. Z., & Zhong, N. (2013). Effects of nebulized high-dose budesonide on moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation of asthma in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), 18 Suppl 3, 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/RESP.12168
  238. Ediger, D., Coşkun, F., Kunt Uzaslan, E., Gürdal Yüksel, E., Karadaǧ, M., Ege, E., & Gözü, O. (2006). Clinical effectiveness of nebulised budesonide in the treatment of acute asthma attacks. Tuberkuloz ve Toraks, 54(2), 128–136. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16924568/
  239. Arulparithi, C. S., Babu, T. A., Ravichandran, C., Santhanam, I., Sathyamurthi, B., Parivathini, S., & Hemachitra, J. (2015). Efficacy of Nebulised Budesonide versus Oral Prednisolone in Acute Severe Asthma. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 82(4), 328–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-014-1498-0
  240. Murphy, K. R., Hong, J. G., Wandalsen, G., Larenas-Linnemann, D., El Beleidy, A., Zaytseva, O. V., & Pedersen, S. E. (2020). Nebulized Inhaled Corticosteroids in Asthma Treatment in Children 5 Years or Younger: A Systematic Review and Global Expert Analysis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 8(6), 1815–1827. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2020.01.042
  241. Volovitz, B., Nussinovitch, M., Finkelstein, Y., Harel, L., & Varsano, I. (2001). Effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in controlling acute asthma exacerbations in children at home. Clinical Pediatrics, 40(2), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992280104000203
  242. Higenbottam, T. W., Britton, J., Lawrence, D., Connolly, C. K., Kim Harrison, N., Eastham, H. M., & Wilcock, C. (2012). Comparison of Nebulised Budesonide and Prednisolone in Severe Asthma Exacerbation in Adults. BioDrugs 2000 14:4, 14(4), 247–254. https://doi.org/10.2165/00063030-200014040-00004
  243. Maltais, F., Ostinelli, J., Bourbeau, J., Tonnel, A. B., Jacquemet, N., Haddon, J., Rouleau, M., Boukhana, M., Martinot, J. B., & Duroux, P. (2002). Comparison of nebulized budesonide and oral prednisolone with placebo in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 165(5), 698–703. https://doi.org/10.1164/AJRCCM.165.5.2109093
  244. Sung, L., Osmond, M. H., & Klassen, T. P. (1998). Randomized, controlled trial of inhaled budesonide as an adjunct to oral prednisone in acute asthma. Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 5(3), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1553-2712.1998.TB02614.X
  245. Ververeli, K., & Chipps, B. (2004). Oral corticosteroid-sparing effects of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of persistent and acute asthma. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 92(5), 512–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61758-9
  246. Edmonds, M. L., Camargo, C. A., Brenner, B. E., & Rowe, B. H. (2002). Replacement of oral corticosteroids with inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of acute asthma following emergency department discharge: A meta-analysis. Chest, 121(6), 1798–1805. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.121.6.1798
  247. Devidayal, Singhi, S., Kumar, L., & Jayshree, M. (1999). Efficacy of nebulized budesonide compared to oral prednisolone in acute bronchial asthma. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 88(8), 835–840. https://doi.org/10.1080/08035259950168748
  248. Sano, F., Cortez, G. K., Solé, D., & Naspitz, C. K. (2000). Inhaled budesonide for the treatment of acute wheezing and dyspnea in children up to 24 months old receiving intravenous hydrocortisone. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 105(4), 699–703. https://doi.org/10.1067/MAI.2000.104784
  249. Matthews, E. E., Curtis, P. D., McLain, B. I., Morris, L. S., & Turbitt, M. L. (1999). Nebulized budesonide versus oral steroid in severe exacerbations of childhood asthma. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 88(8), 841–843. https://doi.org/10.1080/08035259950168757
  250. Sharma, S., Harish, R., Dutt, N., & Digra, K. K. (2017). To evaluate the efficacy of nebulized budesonide compared to oral prednisolone in the management of moderate exacerbation of acute asthma. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 4(4), 1278–1283. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.IJCP20172542
  251. Fitzgerald J.M., Shragge D., Haddon J. et al. A randomized, controlled trial of high dose, inhaled budesonide versus oral prednisone in patients discharged from the emergency department following an acute asthma exacerbation. Can Respir J. 2000; 7(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/587957
  252. Nana, A., Youngchaiyud, P., Charoenratanakul, S., Boe, J., Löfdahl, C. G., Selroos, O., & Ståhl, E. (1998). High-dose inhaled budesonide may substitute for oral therapy after an acute asthma attack. The Journal of Asthma : Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma, 35(8), 647–655. https://doi.org/10.3109/02770909809048967
  253. Rowe, B. H., Bota, G. W., Fabris, L., Therrien, S. A., Milner, R. A., & Jacono, J. (1999). Inhaled budesonide in addition to oral corticosteroids to prevent asthma relapse following discharge from the emergency department: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 281(22), 2119–2126. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.281.22.2119
  254. Manser, R., Reid, D., & Abramson, M. J. (2001). Corticosteroids for acute severe asthma in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001740/EPDF/ABSTRACT
  255. Ganaie, M. B., Munavvar, M., Gordon, M., Lim, H. F., & Evans, D. J. (2016). Patient- and parent-initiated oral steroids for asthma exacerbations. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012195.PUB2
  256. Volmer, T., Effenberger, T., Trautner, C., & Buhl, R. (2018). Consequences of long-term oral corticosteroid therapy and its side-effects in severe asthma in adults: a focused review of the impact data in the literature. The European Respiratory Journal, 52(4). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00703-2018
  257. Del Pozo, V., Bobolea, I., Rial, M. J., Espigol-Frigolé, G., Solans Laqué, R., Hernández-Rivas, J. M., Mora, E., Crespo-Lessmann, A., Izquierdo Alonso, J. L., Domínguez Sosa, M. S., Maza-Solano, J., Atienza-Mateo, B., Bañas-Conejero, D., Moure, A. L., & Rúa-Figueroa, Í. (2023). Expert consensus on the use of systemic glucocorticoids for managing eosinophil-related diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1310211. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310211
  258. Hew, M., & Chung, K. F. (2010). Corticosteroid insensitivity in severe asthma: significance, mechanisms and aetiology. Internal Medicine Journal, 40(5), 323–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1445-5994.2010.02192.X
  259. Chang, A. B., Clark, R., Sloots, T. P., Stone, D. G., Petsky, H. L., Thearle, D., Champion, A. A., Wheeler, C., & Acworth, J. P. (2008). A 5- versus 3-day course of oral corticosteroids for children with asthma exacerbations who are not hospitalised: a randomised controlled trial. The Medical Journal of Australia, 189(6), 306–310. https://doi.org/10.5694/J.1326-5377.2008.TB02046.X
  260. Hasegawa, T., Ishihara, K., Takakura, S., Fujii, H., Nishimura, T., Okazaki, M., Katakami, N., & Umeda, B. (2000). Duration of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma exacerbation; a randomized study. Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 39(10), 794–797. https://doi.org/10.2169/INTERNALMEDICINE.39.794
  261. Jones, A. M., Munavvar, M., Vail, A., Aldridge, R. E., Hopkinson, L., Rayner, C., & O’driscoll, B. R. (2002). Prospective, placebo-controlled trial of 5 vs 10 days of oral prednisolone in acute adult asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 96(11), 950–954. https://doi.org/10.1053/RMED.2002.1369
  262. Knightly, R., Milan, S. J., Hughes, R., Knopp-Sihota, J. A., Rowe, B. H., Normansell, R., & Powell, C. (2017). Inhaled magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute asthma. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003898.PUB6
  263. Kew, K. M., Kirtchuk, L., & Michell, C. I. (2014). Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010909.pub2
  264. Craig, S. S., Dalziel, S. R., Powell, C. V. E., Graudins, A., Babl, F. E., & Lunny, C. (2020). Interventions for escalation of therapy for acute exacerbations of asthma in children: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012977.pub2
  265. Blitz, M., Blitz, S., Beasely, R., Diner, B., Hughes, R., Knopp, J., & Rowe, B. (2005). Inhaled magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003898.pub3
  266. Rovsing, A. H., Savran, O., & Ulrik, C. S. (2023). Magnesium sulfate treatment for acute severe asthma in adults-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Allergy, 4, 1211949. https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2023.1211949
  267. Goodacre, S., Cohen, J., Bradburn, M., Gray, A., Benger, J., & Coats, T. (2013). Intravenous or nebulised magnesium sulphate versus standard therapy for severe acute asthma (3Mg trial): A double-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1(4), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70070-5
  268. Craig, S. S., Dalziel, S. R., Powell, C. V. E., Graudins, A., Babl, F. E., & Lunny, C. (2021). Interventions for escalation of therapy for acute exacerbations of asthma in children: An overview of Cochrane reviews. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 38, 63–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PRRV.2020.08.006
  269. Gondal, A. Z., & Zulfiqar, H. (2023). Aminophylline. XPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008055232-3.61213-9
  270. Gray, C. S., Xu, Y., Babl, F. E., Dalziel, S., Powell, C. V. E., Chong, S. L., Roland, D., Lyttle, M. D., Fernandes, R. M., Benito, J., Johnson, M., Yock-Corrales, A., Santhanam, I., Schuh, S., Cheema, B., Couper, J., & Craig, S. (2023). International perspective on research priorities and outcome measures of importance in the care of children with acute exacerbations of asthma: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 10(1), e001502. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJRESP-2022-001502
  271. Craig, S., Powell, C. V. E., Nixon, G. M., Oakley, E., Hort, J., Armstrong, D. S., Ranganathan, S., Kochar, A., Wilson, C., George, S., Phillips, N., Furyk, J., Lawton, B., Borland, M. L., O’Brien, S., Neutze, J., Lithgow, A., Mitchell, C., Watkins, N., … Babl, F. E. (2022). Treatment patterns and frequency of key outcomes in acute severe asthma in children: A Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) multicentre cohort study. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 9(1), e001137. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJRESP-2021-001137
  272. Koldeweij, C., Appelbaum, N., Gonzalvez, C. R., Nijman, J., Nijman, R., Sinha, R., Maconochie, I., & Clarke, J. (2022). Mind the gap: Mapping variation between national and local clinical practice guidelines for acute paediatric asthma from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. PLOS ONE, 17(5), e0267445. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0267445
  273. Шайтор В.М. Скорая и неотложная медицинская помощь детям на догоспитальном этапе: краткое руководство для врачей. – СПб.: ИнформМед, 2013. – С. 120-125.
  274. Ito, K., Lim, S., Caramori, G., Cosio, B., Chung, K. F., Adcock, I. M., & Barnes, P. J. (2002). A molecular mechanism of action of theophylline: Induction of histone deacetylase activity to decrease inflammatory gene expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(13), 8921–8926. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.132556899
  275. Cosio, B. G., Iglesias, A., Rios, A., Noguera, A., Sala, E., Ito, K., Barnes, P. J., & Agusti, A. (2009). Low-dose theophylline enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of steroids during exacerbations of COPD. Thorax, 64(5), 424–429. https://doi.org/10.1136/THX.2008.103432
  276. To, Y., Ito, K., Kizawa, Y., Failla, M., Ito, M., Kusama, T., Elliott, W. M., Hogg, J. C., Adcock, I. M., & Barnes, P. J. (2010). Targeting phosphoinositide-3-kinase-delta with theophylline reverses corticosteroid insensitivity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 182(7), 897–904. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.200906-0937OC
  277. Mitra, A. A., Bassler, D., Watts, K., Lasserson, T. J., & Ducharme, F. M. (2005). Intravenous aminophylline for acute severe asthma in children over two years receiving inhaled bronchodilators. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd001276.pub2
  278. Rahmania M, Olivianto E. Intravenous aminophylline treatment for severe asthma exacerbation in a toddler: an evidence-based case report. Pediatrics Sciences Journal 2022, V.3(2), 30–36.
  279. Papanicolaou, A., Wang, H., Satzke, C., Vlahos, R., Wilson, N., & Bozinovski, S. (2020). Novel Therapies for Pneumonia-Associated Severe Asthma Phenotypes. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 26(11), 1047–1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MOLMED.2020.07.006
  280. Eid, N. S., O’Hagan, A., Bickel, S., Morton, R., Jacobson, S., & Myers, J. A. (2016). Anti-inflammatory dosing of theophylline in the treatment of status asthmaticus in children. Journal of Asthma and Allergy, 9, 183–189. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S113747
  281. Perrin, K., Wijesinghe, M., Healy, B., Wadsworth, K., Bowditch, R., Bibby, S., Baker, T., Weatherall, M., & Beasley, R. (2011). Randomised controlled trial of high concentration versus titrated oxygen therapy in severe exacerbations of asthma. Thorax, 66(11), 937–941. https://doi.org/10.1136/THX.2010.155259
  282. Chien, J. W., Ciufo, R., Novak, R., Skowronski, M., Nelson, J. A., Coreno, A., & McFadden, E. R. (2000). Uncontrolled oxygen administration and respiratory failure in acute asthma. Chest, 117(3), 728–733. https://doi.org/10.1378/CHEST.117.3.728
  283. Rodrigo, G. J., Verde, M. R., Peregalli, V., & Rodrigo, C. (2003). Effects of short-term 28% and 100% oxygen on PaCO2 and peak expiratory flow rate in acute asthma: a randomized trial. Chest, 124(4), 1312–1317. https://doi.org/10.1378/CHEST.124.4.1312
  284. Gupta D.A. (2010). A prospective randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation in severe acute asthma. Respir Care, 55, 536–543.
  285. Agarwal, R., Reddy, C., Aggarwal, A. N., & Gupta, D. (2006). Is there a role for noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome? A meta-analysis. Respiratory Medicine, 100(12), 2235–2238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.03.018
  286. Авдеев С.Н. Респираторная поддержка при астматическом статусе. Клинические рекомендации. Бронхиальная астма у взрослых / Под ред. А.Г. Чучалина. М.: Атмосфера, 2002: 130-155.
  287. Kuyper, L. M., Paré, P. D., Hogg, J. C., Lambert, R. K., Ionescu, D., Woods, R., & Bai, T. R. (2003). Characterization of airway plugging in fatal asthma. American Journal of Medicine, 115(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00241-9
  288. Inwald, D., Roland, M., Kuitert, L., McKenzie, S. A., & Petros, A. (2001). Oxygen treatment for acute severe asthma. British Medical Journal, 323(7304), 98–100. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.323.7304.98
  289. POLLART, S. M., COMPTON, R. M., & ELWARD, K. S. (2011). Management of Acute Asthma Exacerbations. American Family Physician, 84(1), 40–47. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p40.html
  290. Siemieniuk, R. A. C., Chu, D. K., Kim, L. H. Y., Güell-Rous, M. R., Alhazzani, W., Soccal, P. M., Karanicolas, P. J., Farhoumand, P. D., Siemieniuk, J. L. K., Satia, I., Irusen, E. M., Refaat, M. M., Stephen Mikita, J., Smith, M., Cohen, D. N., Vandvik, P. O., Agoritsas, T., Lytvyn, L., & Guyatt, G. H. (2018). Oxygen therapy for acutely ill medical patients: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 363. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.K4169
  291. Patel, B., Khine, H., Shah, A., Sung, D., Medar, S., & Singer, L. (2019). Randomized clinical trial of high concentration versus titrated oxygen use in pediatric asthma. Pediatric Pulmonology, 54(7), 970–976. https://doi.org/10.1002/PPUL.24329
  292. Carroll, C. L., Smith, S. R., Collins, M. S., Bhandari, A., Schramm, C. M., & Zucker, A. R. (2007). Endotracheal intubation and pediatric status asthmaticus: site of original care affects treatment. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : A Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 8(2), 91–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PCC.0000257115.02573.FC
  293. Zimmerman, J. L., Dellinger, R. P., Shah, A. N., & Taylor, R. W. (1993). Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in severe asthma. Critical Care Medicine, 21(11), 1727–1730. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199311000-00023
  294. Kilburn, S. A., Lasserson, T. J., & McKean, M. C. (2003). Pet allergen control measures for allergic asthma in children and adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2001(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002989
  295. Zuiani, C., & Custovic, A. (2020). Update on House Dust Mite Allergen Avoidance Measures for Asthma. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 20(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/S11882-020-00948-Y
  296. Marks, G. B. (1998). House dust mite exposure as a risk factor for asthma: Benefits of avoidance. Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Supplement, 53(48), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb05010.x
  297. Custovic, A., Murray, C. S., & Simpson, A. (2019). Dust-mite inducing asthma: what advice can be given to patients? Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 13(10), 929–936. https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2019.1651647
  298. Custovic, A., de Moira, A. P., Murray, C. S., & Simpson, A. (2023). Environmental influences on childhood asthma: Allergens. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13915
  299. Российская ассоциация аллергологов и клинических иммунологов. Федеральные методические рекомендации. Аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия. 2013. 14с. https://raaci.ru/education/clinic_recomendations/103.html
  300. Zuberbier, T., Bachert, C., Bousquet, P. J., Passalacqua, G., Walter Canonica, G., Merk, H., Worm, M., Wahn, U., & Bousquet, J. (2010). GA2 LEN/EAACI pocket guide for allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy, 65(12), 1525–1530. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1398-9995.2010.02474.X
  301. Abramson, M. J., Puy, R. M., & Weiner, J. M. (2010). Injection allergen immunotherapy for asthma. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001186.PUB2
  302. Zheng, C., Xu, H., Huang, S., & Chen, Z. (2023). Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy in asthmatic children allergic to house dust mite: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11, 1137478. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1137478
  303. Canonica, G. W., Cox, L., Pawankar, R., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Blaiss, M., Bonini, S., Bousquet, J., Calderón, M., Compalati, E., Durham, S. R., Van Wijk, R. G., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Nelson, H., Passalacqua, G., Pfaar, O., Rosário, N., Ryan, D., Rosenwasser, L., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., … Yusuf, O. (2014). Sublingual immunotherapy: World Allergy Organization position paper 2013 update. The World Allergy Organization Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1939-4551-7-6
  304. Hoshino, M., Akitsu, K., Ohtawa, J., & Kubota, K. (2024). Long-term efficacy of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy on clinical and pulmonary function in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Global, 3(2), 100206. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACIG.2024.100206
  305. Agache, I., Lau, S., Akdis, C. A., Smolinska, S., Bonini, M., Cavkaytar, O., Flood, B., Gajdanowicz, P., Izuhara, K., Kalayci, O., Mosges, R., Palomares, O., Papadopoulos, N. G., Sokolowska, M., Angier, E., Fernandez-Rivas, M., Pajno, G., Pfaar, O., Roberts, G. C., … Jutel, M. (2019). EAACI Guidelines on Allergen Immunotherapy: House dust mite-driven allergic asthma. Allergy, 74(5), 855–873. https://doi.org/10.1111/ALL.13749
  306. Fortescue, R., Kew, K. M., & Leung, M. S. T. (2020). Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011293.pub3
  307. Virchow, J. C., Backer, V., Kuna, P., Prieto, L., Nolte, H., Villesen, H. H., Ljørring, C., Riis, B., & De Blay, F. (2016). Efficacy of a house dust mite sublingual allergen immunotherapy tablet in adults with allergic asthma: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 315(16), 1715–1725. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.3964
  308. Nakagome, K., & Nagata, M. (2021). Allergen Immunotherapy in Asthma. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111406
  309. Virchow, J. C., Backer, V., Kuna, P., Prieto, L., Nolte, H., Villesen, H. H., Ljørring, C., Riis, B., & De Blay, F. (2016). Efficacy of a house dust mite sublingual allergen immunotherapy tablet in adults with allergic asthma: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 315(16), 1715–1725. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.3964
  310. Tanaka, A., Tohda, Y., Okamiya, K., Azuma, R., Terada, I., & Adachi, M. (2020). Efficacy and Safety of HDM SLIT Tablet in Japanese Adults with Allergic Asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 8(2), 710-720.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2019.09.002
  311. Nishi, K., Yoshimura, C., Morita, K., Ishikawa, R., Toyokura, E., Nagasaki, T., Matsumoto, H., & Nishizaka, Y. (2023). Effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty in patients with asthma exhibiting overweight/obesity and low quality of life. The World Allergy Organization Journal, 16(3), 100756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100756
  312. Madsen, H., Henriksen, D. P., Backer, V., Siersted, H. C., Bjerring, N., & Ulrik, C. S. (2021). Efficacy of bronchial thermoplasty in patients with severe asthma. Journal of Asthma, 58(2), 216–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2019.1678636
  313. Bonta, P. I., Chanez, P., Annema, J. T., Shah, P. L., & Niven, R. (2018). Bronchial Thermoplasty in Severe Asthma: Best Practice Recommendations from an Expert Panel. Respiration, 95(5), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1159/000488291
  314. Burn, J., Sims, A. J., Patrick, H., Heaney, L. G., & Niven, R. M. (2019). Efficacy and safety of bronchial thermoplasty in clinical practice: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study using evidence from the UK Severe Asthma Registry. BMJ Open, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-026742
  315. Madan, K., Mittal, S., Suri, T. M., Jain, A., Mohan, A., Hadda, V., Tiwari, P., Guleria, R., Talwar, D., Chaudhri, S., Singh, V., Swarnakar, R., Bharti, S. J., Garg, R., Gupta, N., Kumar, V., Agarwal, R., Aggarwal, A. N., Ayub, I. I., … Venkatnarayan, K. (2020). Bronchial thermoplasty for severe asthma: A position statement of the Indian chest society. Lung India : Official Organ of Indian Chest Society, 37(1), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.4103/LUNGINDIA.LUNGINDIA_418_19
  316. Kuklina, G. M., Sivokozov, I. V., Makaryants, N. N., & Shmelev, E. I. (2020). Successful Use of Bronchial Thermoplastics in a Female Patient with Severe Bronchial Asthma. Doctor.Ru, 19(11), 38–41. https://doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2020-19-11-38-41
  317. Hondras, M. A., Linde, K., & Jones, A. P. (2005). Manual therapy for asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd001002.pub2
  318. Santino, T. A., Chaves, G. S. S., Freitas, D. A., Fregonezi, G. A. F., & Mendonça, K. M. P. P. (2020). Breathing exercises for adults with asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001277.pub4
  319. Thomas, M. (2003). Breathing exercises and asthma. Thorax, 58(8), 649–650. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.8.649
  320. Prem, V., Sahoo, R. C., & Adhikari, P. (2013). Comparison of the effects of Buteyko and pranayama breathing techniques on quality of life in patients with asthma - A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 27(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215512450521
  321. Vagedes, K., Kuderer, S., Ehmann, R., Kohl, M., Wildhaber, J., Jörres, R. A., & Vagedes, J. (2024). Effect of Buteyko breathing technique on clinical and functional parameters in adult patients with asthma: a randomized, controlled study. European Journal of Medical Research, 29(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1
  322. Cooper, S., Oborne, J., Newton, S., Harrison, V., Coon, J. T., Lewis, S., & Tattersfield, A. (2003). Effect of two breathing exercises (Buteyko and pranayama) in asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax, 58(8), 674–679. https://doi.org/10.1136/THORAX.58.8.674
  323. Agarwal, D., Gupta, P. P., & Sood, S. (2017). Assessment for Efficacy of Additional Breathing Exercises Over Improvement in Health Impairment Due to Asthma Assessed using St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. International Journal of Yoga, 10(3), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.213472
  324. Sankar, J., & Das, R. R. (2018). Asthma – A Disease of How We Breathe: Role of Breathing Exercises and Pranayam. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 85(10), 905–910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2519-6
  325. Burgess, J., Ekanayake, B., Lowe, A., Dunt, D., Thien, F., & Dharmage, S. C. (2011). Systematic review of the effectiveness of breathing retraining in asthma management. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 5(6), 789–807. https://doi.org/10.1586/ers.11.69
  326. Игнатова Г.Л., Антонов В.Н. Бронхиальная астма у беременных. РМЖ, 2015,  №20 , с.1229-1232. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/bronhialnaya-astma-i-beremennost-4
  327. Masoli, M., Fabian, D., Holt, S., & Beasley, R. (2004). The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy, 59(5), 469–478. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1398-9995.2004.00526.X
  328. Wang, H., Li, N., & Huang, H. (2020). Asthma in Pregnancy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Whole-Course Management, and Medication Safety. Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9046842
  329. Alexander, S., Dodds, L., & Armson, B. A. (1998). Perinatal outcomes in women with asthma during pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 92(3), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00191-4
  330. Андреева О.С. Особенности течения и лечения бронхиальной астмы в период беременности: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. СПб., 2006. 21 с. https://dissercat.com/content/osobennosti-techeniya-i-lecheniya-bronkhialnoi-astmy-v-period-beremennosti-0
  331. Vyawahare, A. P., Gaidhane, A., & Wandile, B. (2023). Asthma in Pregnancy: A Critical Review of Impact, Management, and Outcomes. Cureus, 15(12), e50094. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50094
  332. Giles W., & Murphy V. (2013). Asthma in pregnancy: a review. Obstetric Medicine, 6(2), 107–110. https://doi.org/10.1258/OM.2012.120008
  333. Rohrer, V., & Schmidt-Trucksäss, A. (2014). [Impact of exercise, sport and rehabilitation therapy in asthma and COPD]. Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique, 71(5), 295–300. https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/A000516
  334. Thomas, M. (2006). Allergic rhinitis: evidence for impact on asthma. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 6 Suppl 1(Suppl 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-6-S1-S4
  335. Wise, S. K., Lin, S. Y., Toskala, E., Orlandi, R. R., Akdis, C. A., Alt, J. A., Azar, A., Baroody, F. M., Bachert, C., Canonica, G. W., Chacko, T., Cingi, C., Ciprandi, G., Corey, J., Cox, L. S., Creticos, P. S., Custovic, A., Damask, C., DeConde, A., … Zacharek, M. (2018). International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 8(2), 108–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/ALR.22073
  336. Vignola, A. M., Chanez, P., Godard, P., & Bousquet, J. (1998). Relationships between rhinitis and asthma. Allergy, 53(9), 833–839. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1398-9995.1998.TB03988.X
  337. Jacobsen, L., Niggemann, B., Dreborg, S., Ferdousi, H. A., Halken, S., Høst, A., Koivikko, A., Norberg, L. A., Valovirta, E., Wahn, U., & Möller, C. (2007). Specific immunotherapy has long-term preventive effect of seasonal and perennial asthma: 10-year follow-up on the PAT study. Allergy, 62(8), 943–948. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1398-9995.2007.01451.X
  338. Arshad, H., Lack, G., Durham, S. R., Penagos, M., Larenas-Linnemann, D., & Halken, S. (2024). Prevention Is Better than Cure: Impact of Allergen Immunotherapy on the Progression of Airway Disease. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAIP.2023.10.013
  339. Nilsson, L., Brockow, K., Alm, J., Cardona, V., Caubet, J. C., Gomes, E., Jenmalm, M. C., Lau, S., Netterlid, E., Schwarze, J., Sheikh, A., Storsaeter, J., Skevaki, C., Terreehorst, I., & Zanoni, G. (2017). Vaccination and allergy: EAACI position paper, practical aspects. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 28(7), 628–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/PAI.12762
  340. Gao, Y. dong, Xepapadaki, P., Cui, Y. wen, Stanic, B., Maurer, D. J., Bachert, C., Zhang, N., Finotto, S., Chalubinski, M., Lukkarinen, H., Passioti, M., Graser, A., Jartti, T., Kowalski, M., Ogulur, I., Shi, Z. wei, Akdis, M., Papadopoulos, N. G., & Akdis, C. A. (2023). Effect of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza vaccinations on infections, immune response and asthma control in preschool children with asthma. Allergy, 78(6), 1473–1488. https://doi.org/10.1111/ALL.15551
  341. Zaidi, S. R., & Blakey, J. D. (2019). Why are people with asthma susceptible to pneumonia? A review of factors related to upper airway bacteria. Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), 24(5), 423–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/RESP.13528
  342. Вакцинопрофилактика пневмококковой инфекции у детей и взрослых: методические рекомендации / под ред. А.А. Баранова, Л.С. Намазовой-Барановой, Н.И. Брико; Союз педиатров России. Москва: ПедиатрЪ, 2023. 92 с. https://www.spr-journal.ru/757/
  343. Pneumococcal vaccines WHO position paper--2012 - PubMed. (2012). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24340399/
  344. Чучалин А.Г., Биличенко Т.Н., Осипова Г.Л., Курбатова Е.А., Егорова Н.Б, Костинов М.П. Вакцинопрофилактика болезней органов дыхания в рамках первичной медико-санитарной помощи населению // Пульмонология 2015; 25(2). Приложение. С. 4-19.
  345. Capili, C. R., Hettinger, A., Rigelman-Hedberg, N., Fink, L., Boyce, T., Lahr, B., & Juhn, Y. J. (2012). Increased risk of pertussis in patients with asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 129(4), 957–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2011.11.020
  346. Buck, P. O., Meyers, J. L., Gordon, L. D., Parikh, R., Kurosky, S. K., & Davis, K. L. (2017). Economic burden of diagnosed pertussis among individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the USA: an analysis of administrative claims. Epidemiology and Infection, 145(10), 2109–2121. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268817000887
  347. Harju, T. H., Leinonen, M., Nokso-Koivisto, J., Korhonen, T., Räty, R., He, Q., Hovi, T., Mertsola, J., Bloigu, A., Rytilä, P., & Saikku, P. (2006). Pathogenic bacteria and viruses in induced sputum or pharyngeal secretions of adults with stable asthma. Thorax, 61(7), 579–584. https://doi.org/10.1136/THX.2005.056291
  348. Mbayei, S. A., Faulkner, A., Miner, C., Edge, K., Cruz, V., Peña, S. A., Kudish, K., Coleman, J., Pradhan, E., Thomas, S., Martin, S., & Skoff, T. H. (2019). Severe Pertussis Infections in the United States, 2011-2015. Clinical Infectious Diseases : An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 69(2), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1093/CID/CIY889
  349. Bateman, E. D., Bousquet, J., Keech, M. L., Busse, W. W., Clark, T. J. H., & Pedersen, S. E. (2007). The correlation between asthma control and health status: the GOAL study. The European Respiratory Journal, 29(1), 59–63. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00128505
  350. Sont, J. K. (1999). How do we monitor asthma control? Allergy, 54 Suppl 49(49), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1398-9995.1999.TB04391.X
  351. Schatz, M., Rachelefsky, G., & Krishnan, J. A. (2009). Follow-up after acute asthma episodes: what improves future outcomes? Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 6(4), 386–393. https://doi.org/10.1513/PATS.P09ST6
  352. Ducharme, F. M., & Bhogal, S. K. (2008). The role of written action plans in childhood asthma. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 8(2), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0B013E3282F7CD58
  353. Gibson, P. G., & Powell, H. (2004). Written action plans for asthma: an evidence-based review of the key components. Thorax, 59(2), 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1136/THORAX.2003.011858
  354. Al-Awaisheh, R. I., Alsayed, A. R., & Basheti, I. A. (2023). Assessing the Pharmacist’s Role in Counseling Asthmatic Adults Using the Correct Inhaler Technique and Its Effect on Asthma Control, Adherence, and Quality of Life. Patient Preference and Adherence, 17, 961–972. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S395258
  355. Melani, A. S., Bonavia, M., Cilenti, V., Cinti, C., Lodi, M., Martucci, P., Serra, M., Scichilone, N., Sestini, P., Aliani, M., & Neri, M. (2011). Inhaler mishandling remains common in real life and is associated with reduced disease control. Respiratory Medicine, 105(6), 930–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RMED.2011.01.005
  356. Rodrigues Pacheco, D., Vieira, C., Freitas, I., Santos, J., Salgado, J., & Lopes, P. (2023). Optimization of Inhalation Technique Knowledge in the Pharmacies of Matosinhos Municipality, Portugal: An Intervention Project. Cureus, 15(12), e50655. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50655
  357. Alotaibi, M. M., Hughes, L., & Ford, W. R. (2023). Assessing Inhaler Techniques of Asthma Patients Using Aerosol Inhalation Monitors (AIM): A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081125
  358. Basheti, I. A., Reddel, H. K., Armour, C. L., & Bosnic-Anticevich, S. Z. (2007). Improved asthma outcomes with a simple inhaler technique intervention by community pharmacists. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 119(6), 1537–1538. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2007.02.037
  359. Loke, Y. K., Blanco, P., Thavarajah, M., & Wilson, A. M. (2015). Impact of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Growth in Children with Asthma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PloS One, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0133428
  360. Brown, P. H., Blundell, G., Greening, A. P., & Crompton, G. K. (1991). Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatics inhaling high dose corticosteroids. Respiratory Medicine, 85(6), 501–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-6111(06)80268-4
  361. Hagan, J. B., Samant, S. A., Volcheck, G. W., Li, J. T., Hagan, C. R., Erwin, P. J., & Rank, M. A. (2014). The risk of asthma exacerbation after reducing inhaled corticosteroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Allergy, 69(4), 510–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/ALL.12368
  362. Hallstrand TS, Leuppi JD, Joos G, Hall GL, Carlsen K-H, Kaminsky DA, Coates AL, Cockcroft DW, Culver BH, Diamant Z, Gauvreau GM, Horvath I, de Jongh FHC, Laube BL, Sterk PJ, Wanger J. The American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Bronchoprovocation Testing Task Force European Respiratory Journal 2018 52: 1801033; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01033-2018
  363. Quanjer PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ, et al. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J 2012; 40: 1324-1343.
  364. Aaron SD, Vandemheen KL, FitzGerald JM, et al. Reevaluation of diagnosis in adults with physician-diagnosed asthma. JAMA 2017; 317: 269-279.
  365. Терехова Е.П., Себекина О.В., Ненашева Н.М., Терехов Д.В. Правильный выбор ингаляционного устройства как фактор повышения приверженности назначенной терапии у пациента с бронхиальной астмой. Практическая аллергология. 2021. № 2, с.54–65.
  366. Ненашева Н.М. Бронхиальная астма. Современный взгляд на проблему. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2018. 303 с.367. Schatz, M., Sorkness, C. A., Li, J. T., Marcus, P., Murray, J. J., Nathan, R. A., Kosinski, M., Pendergraft, T. B., & Jhingran, P. (2006). Asthma Control Test: reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients not previously followed by asthma specialists. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 117(3), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2006.01.011
  367. (PDF) Validity of the Asthma Control Test completed at home. (2008). Am J Manag Care. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5778277_Validity_of_the_Asthma_Control_Test_completed_at_home
  368. Andrew H. Liu, Robert Zeiger et al. (2007). Development and cross-sectional validation of the Childhood Asthma Control Test. The Journal Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 119, 817–825.
  369. Juniper E.F., O’Byrne P.M., Guyatt G.H. et al. (1999). Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control. Eur Respir J, 14, 902–907.
  370. Chipps B, Zeiger RS, Murphy K, Mellon M, Schatz M, Kosinski M, Lampl K, Ramachandran S.  (2011). Longitudinal validation of the Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids in pediatric practices. Pediatrics, 127(3), 737-747.
  371. Haselkorn T, Fish JE, Zeiger RS, et al. (2009). Consistently very poorly controlled asthma, as defined by the impairment domain of the Expert Panel Report 3 guidelines, increases risk for future severe asthma exacerbations in The Epidemiology and Natural History of Asthma: Outcomes and Treatment Regimens (TENOR) study. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 124, 895-902. e891-894.
  372. Murray CS, Poletti G, Kebadze T, et al. (2006). Study of modifiable risk factors for asthma exacerbations: virus infection and allergen exposure increase the risk of asthma hospital admissions in children. Thorax, 61, 376-382.
  373. Mazenq J, Dubus JC, Gaudart J, et al. (2017). City housing atmospheric pollutant impact on emergency visit for asthma: A classification and regression tree approach. Respir Med, 132, 1-8.
  374. Волчков В.А., Титова О.Н., Черный О.М. Клинические рекомендации (протокол) по оказанию скорой медицинской помощи при острой дыхательной недостаточности. Глава 3.1. в книге Скорая медицинская помощь. Клинические рекомендации / под ред. С. Ф. Багненко. - Москва : ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2022. - 896 с. - ISBN 978-5-9704-6594-3.
  375. Приказ МЗ РФ от 06.12.2021 №1122н «Об утверждении национального календаря профилактических прививок и календаря профилактических прививок по эпидемическим показаниям», Методические указания МУ 3.3.1.1095—02. Медицинские противопоказания к проведению профилактических прививок препаратами национального календаря прививок.
  376. Бекетова ТВ, Волков МЮ. (2016). Международные рекомендации по диагностике и лечению эозинофильного гранулематоза с полиангиитом – 2015. Научно-практическая ревматология, 54(2), 129-137.
  377. Lanham J, Elkon K, Pusey C, Hughes G. (1984). Systemic vasculitis with asthma and eosinophilia: a clinical approach to the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Medicine, 63, 65-81. doi: 10.1097/00005792-198403000-00001
  378. Valent P, Klion AD, Horny HP, et al. (2012). Contemporary consensus proposal on criteria and classiёcation of eosinophilic disorders and related syndromes. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 130(3), 607-612. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.019
  379. Taylor MR, Keane CT, O’Connor P, et al. (1998). The expanded spectrum of toxocaral disease. Lancet, 1(8587), 692-695. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(88)91486-9
  380. Siddiqui AA, Berk SL. (2001). Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Clin Infect Dis, 33(7), 1040-1047. doi: 10.1086/322707
  381. Agarwal R. (2009). Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Chest, 135(3), 805-826. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2586
  382. Gotlib J. (2015). World Health Organization-defined eosinophilic disorders: 2015 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. Am J Hematol, Nov, 90(11), 1077-1189. doi: 10.1002/ajh.24196
  383. Emmi G, Silvestri E, Marconi R, et al. (2015). First report of FIP1L1-PDGFRα-positive eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Rheumatology (Oxford), Sep, 54(9), 1751-1753. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev242
  384. Alzghoul, B.N., Reddy, R., Chizinga, M. et al. (2020). Pulmonary Embolism in Acute Asthma Exacerbation: Clinical Characteristics, Prediction Model and Hospital Outcomes. Lung, 198, 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-020-00363-0
  385. Багрова И.В., Кухарчик Г.А., Серебрякова В.И., Константинова И.В., Капутин М.Ю. (2012). Современные подходы к диагностике тромбоэмболии легочной артерии. Флебология, 6(4), 35‑42.
  386. Lommatzsch SE, Martin RJ, Good JT Jr. (2013). Importance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in identifying asthma phenotypes to direct personalized therapy. Curr Opin Pulm Med, Jan;19(1), 42-48. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32835a5bdc. PMID: 23197289.
  387. Ben Tkhayat R, Taytard J, Corvol H, Berdah L, Prévost B, Just J, Nathan N. (2021). Benefits and risks of bronchoalveolar lavage in severe asthma in children. ERJ Open Res, Dec 6;7(4):00332-2021. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00332-2021. PMID: 34881325; PMCID: PMC8645873.
  388. Steinke JW, Lawrence MG, Teague WG, et al. (2021). Bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine patterns in children with severe neutrophilic and paucigranulocytic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 147, 686–693.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.039
  389. Коршунова Л. В., Урясьев О. М., Фоменко Н. П., Урясьева Ю. Б. (2015). Сочетание бронхиальной астмы и ГЭРБ. ЗВ, 1 (25). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sochetanie-bronhialnoy-astmy-i-gerb (дата обращения: 09.08.2024).
  390. Козлова И.В., Пахомова А.Л., Кветной И.М. (2014). Бронхиальная астма и ГЭРБ с рефлюкс-эзофагитом: клинические и морфологические особенности сочетанной патологии. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология, 106 (6), 33–37.
  391. Amarasiri DL, Pathmeswaran A, Dassanayake AS et al. (2012). Esophageal motility, vagal function and gastroesophageal reflux in a cohort of adult asthmatics. BMC Gastroenterol, 12, 140.
  392. Sontag S. J., O’Connell S., Khandelwal S. et al. (2003). Asthmatics with gastroesophageal reflux: long term results of a randomized trial of medical and surgical antireflux therapies. Am J Gastroenterol, 98, 987-999.
  393. Vakil N., van Zanten S. V., Kahrilas P. et al. (2006). The Montreal Definition and Classification of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Global Evidence-Based Consensus.  Am J Gastroenterol, 101, 1900-1920.
  394. Liang B., Yi Q., Feng Y. (2013). Association of gastroesophageal reflux disease with asthma control. Dis Esophagus, Nov-Dec, 26 (8), 794-798.
  395. Arshad H, Khan RR, Khaja M (2017). Case Report of S1Q3T3 Electrocardiographic Abnormality in a Pregnant Asthmatic Patient During Acute Bronchospasm. Am J Case Rep, 18, 110–113.
  396. Abramovskaya KD, Tush EV, Boldova MV, Prakhov AV, Khaletskaya AI, Eliseeva TI. (2022).Relationship between the spirometric parameters and ECG parameters in children with bronchial asthma. Allergology and Immunology in Pediatrics, 2, 27-29. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.53529/2500-1175-2022-2-27-29
  397. Cardiac Biomarkers in the Setting of Asthma Exacerbations: a Review of Clinical Implications and Practical Considerations (2020). Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 20(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-020-00909-5
  398. Yalta, K., Yalta, T., Gurdogan, M. et al. (2020). Cardiac Biomarkers in the Setting of Asthma Exacerbations: a Review of Clinical Implications and Practical Considerations. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 20, 17 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-020-00909-5
  399. McDonald NJ, Bara AI. (2003). Anticholinergic therapy for chronic asthma in children over two years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2003(3):CD003535. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/14651858.CD003535. PMID: 12917970; PMCID: PMC8717339.
  400. Kussek P., Rosario Filho N.A., Cat M. (2006). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to hypertonic saline challenge in children and adolescents. J Bras Pneumol, 32(2), 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132006000300004

Для продолжения работы требуется Регистрация
На предыдущую страницу

Предыдущая страница

Следующая страница

На следующую страницу
Список литературы
На предыдущую главу Предыдущая глава
оглавление
Следующая глава На следующую главу

Оглавление

Данный блок поддерживает скрол*