Список литературы

Поставить закладку

Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ. Сахарный диабет типа 1: реалии и перспективы. МИА; 2016; 504 p.
Redondo MJ, Fain PR, Eisenbarth GS. Genetics of type 1A diabetes. Recent Prog Horm Res. 2001;56:69–89.
Atkinson MA. The pathogenesis and natural history of type 1 diabetes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2(11):a007641. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a007641
Antvorskov JC, Josefsen K, Engkilde K, Funda DP, Buschard K. Dietary gluten and the development of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2014;57(9):1770–1780. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014- 3265-1
Kawasaki E. Type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2014;23(4):99–105. doi: 10.1297/cpe.23.99
Lampasona V, Liberati D. Islet Autoantibodies. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(6):53. doi: 10.1007/s11892-016-0738-2
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 8th ed. Brussels: IDF; 2017; 148 p.
Шестакова МВ, Викулова ОК, Железнякова АВ, Исаков МА, Дедов ИИ. Эпидемиология сахарного диабета в Российской Федерации: что изменилось за последнее десятилетие? Терапевтический архив [Internet]. 2019;91(10):4–13. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2019.10.000364
Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ, Викулова ОК, Железнякова АВ, Исаков МА. Сахарный диабет в Российской Федерации: распространенность, заболеваемость, смертность, параметры углеводного обмена и структура сахароснижающей терапии по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета, статус 2017 г. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2018;21(3):144–159. doi: 10.14341/DM9686
World Health Organization, International Diabetes Federation. Deﬁnition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia. Report of a WHO/IDF consultation. Geneva; 2006;
World Health Organization. Deﬁnition, diagnosis and classiﬁcation of diabetes mellitus and its complications : report of a WHO consultation. Part 1, Diagnosis and classiﬁcation of diabetes mellitus. Geneva; 1999;
Hansen MP. Type 1 diabetes and polyglandular autoimmune syndrome: A review. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(1):67. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.67
Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ, Майоров АЮ, Викулова ОК, Галстян ГР, Кураева ТЛ, et al. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом / Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова. – 9-й выпуск. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2019;22(1S). doi: 10.14341/DM221S1
American Diabetes Association. 2. Classiﬁcation and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S13–S28. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S002
International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1327–1334. doi: 10.2337/dc09-9033
Umpierrez G, Korytkowski M. Diabetic emergencies — ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016;12(4):222–232. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.15
American Diabetes Association. 4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S34–S45. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S004
de Boer IH, DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Kidney disease and related ﬁndings in the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(1):24–30. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2113
Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, Kausz AT, Levin A, Steffes MW, et al. National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classiﬁcation, and stratiﬁcation. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(2):137–147. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013
James MT, Grams ME, Woodward M, Elley CR, Green JA, Wheeler DC, et al. A Meta-analysis of the Association of Estimated GFR, Albuminuria, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension With Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(4):602–612. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.02.338
González-Lao E, Corte Z, Simón M, Ricós C, Coskun A, Braga F, et al. Systematic review of the biological variation data for diabetes related analytes. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;488:61–67. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.031
Leighton E, Sainsbury CA, Jones GC. A Practical Review of C-Peptide Testing in Diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2017;8(3):475–487. doi: 10.1007/s13300-017-0265-4
Силко ЮВ, Никонова ТВ, Иванова ОН, Степанова СМ, Шестакова МВ, Дедов ИИ. Латентный аутоиммунный диабет взрослых: информативность аутоантител. Терапевтический архив (архив до 2018 г) [Internet]. 2016;88(10):42–45. doi: 10.17116/terarkh2016881042-45
Sosenko JM, Skyler JS, Palmer JP, Krischer JP, Yu L, Mahon J, et al. The prediction of type 1 diabetes by multiple autoantibody levels and their incorporation into an autoantibody risk score in relatives of type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(9):2615–2620. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0425
Shields BM, Hicks S, Shepherd MH, Colclough K, Hattersley AT, Ellard S. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): how many cases are we missing? Diabetologia. 2010;53(12):2504– 2508. doi: 10.1007/s00125-010-1799-4
Shepherd M, Sparkes AC, Hattersley AT. Genetic testing in maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY): a new challenge for the diabetic clinic. Pract Diabetes Int. 2001;18(1):16–21. doi: 10.1002/pdi.108
Thanabalasingham G, Owen KR. Diagnosis and management of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). BMJ. 2011;343:d6044. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d6044
Shun CB, Donaghue KC, Phelan H, Twigg SM, Craig ME. Thyroid autoimmunity in Type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2014;31(2):126–135. doi: 10.1111/dme.12318
Jonsdottir B, Larsson C, Carlsson A, Forsander G, Ivarsson SA, Lernmark Å, et al. Thyroid and Islet Autoantibodies Predict Autoimmune Thyroid Disease at Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(4):1277–1285. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-2335
Warncke K, Frohlich-Reiterer EE, Thon A, Hofer SE, Wiemann D, Holl RW. Polyendocrinopathy in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A multicenter analysis of 28,671 patients from the German/Austrian DPV-Wiss database. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(9):2010–2012. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0404
DCCT/EDIC Research Group, Nathan DM, Bebu I, Hainsworth D, Klein R, Tamborlane W, et al. Frequency of Evidence-Based Screening for Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(16):1507–1516. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1612836
American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clin Diabetes. 2019;37(1):11–34. doi: 10.2337/cd18-0105
Misra A, Bachmann MO, Greenwood RH, Jenkins C, Shaw A, Barakat O, et al. Trends in yield and effects of screening intervals during 17 years of a large UK community-based diabetic retinopathy screening programme. Diabet Med. 2009;26(10):1040–1047. doi: 10.1111/j.1464- 5491.2009.02820.x
Mohamed Q, Gillies MC, Wong TY. Management of Diabetic Retinopathy: a systematic review. JAMA. 2007;298(8):902–916. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.8.902
Piyasena MMPN, Murthy GVS, Yip JLY, Gilbert C, Peto T, Gordon I, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy of detection of any level of diabetic retinopathy using digital retinal imaging. Syst Rev. 2018;7(1):182. doi: 10.1186/s13643-018-0846-y
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group, Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, Cleary P, Crofford O, et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and 1993;329(14):977–986. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group, Lachin JM, Genuth S, Cleary P, Davis MD, Nathan DM. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(6):381–389. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200002103420603
American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes —2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S61–S70. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S006
Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, Zheng H, Schoenfeld D, Heine RJ. Translating the A1C Assay Into Estimated Average Glucose Values. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(8):1473–1478. doi: 10.2337/dc08- 0545
Fisher M. Statins for people with type 1 diabetes: when should treatment start? Pract Diabetes. 2016;33(1):10–11. doi: 10.1002/pdi.1990
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaborators, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Collins R, Keech A, Simes J, et al. Efﬁcacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2008;371(9607):117–125. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60104-X
Rabar S, Harker M, O’Flynn N, Wierzbicki AS. Lipid modiﬁcation and cardiovascular risk assessment for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ. 2014;349(12):g4356. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g4356
Livingstone SJ, Looker HC, Hothersall EJ, Wild SH, Lindsay RS, Chalmers J, et al. Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Total Mortality in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Scottish Registry Linkage Study. Lehman R, editor. PLoS Med. 2012;9(10):e1001321. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001321
Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9326):7–22. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09327-3
Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, Bailey CJ, Ceriello A, Delgado V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2019; doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486
Hansen TW, Kikuya M, Thijs L, Li Y, Boggia J, Björklund-Bodegârd K, et al. Diagnostic thresholds for ambulatory blood pressure moving lower: a review based on a meta-analysis- clinical implications. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008;10(5):377–381.
Arguedas JA, Leiva V, Wright JM. Blood pressure targets for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2013;(10):CD008277. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008277.pub2
Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome incidence in hypertension. J Hypertens. 2017;35(5):922–944. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001276
Bulugahapitiya U, Siyambalapitiya S, Sithole J, Idris I. Is diabetes a coronary risk equivalent? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2009;26(2):142–148. doi: 10.1111/j.1464- 5491.2008.02640.x
Brunström M, Carlberg B. Effect of antihypertensive treatment at different blood pressure levels in patients with diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ. 2016;352:i717. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i717
Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franzén S, Eliasson B, Svensson A-M, Miftaraj M, et al. Range of Risk Factor Levels: Control, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation. 2017;135(16):1522–1531. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025961
Xie X, Atkins E, Lv J, Bennett A, Neal B, Ninomiya T, et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016;387(10017):435–443. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00805-3
ГОСТ Р ИСО 15197-2015 Тест-системы для диагностики in vitro. Требования к системам мониторинга глюкозы в крови для самоконтроля при лечении сахарного диабета. Москва: Стандартинформ; 2015; 41 p.
Karter AJ, Ackerson LM, Darbinian JA, D’Agostino RB, Ferrara A, Liu J, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and glycemic control: the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes registry∗. Am J Med. 2001;111(1):1–9. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00742-2
Karter AJ, Parker MM, Moffet HH, Spence MM, Chan J, Ettner SL, et al. Longitudinal Study of New and Prevalent Use of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(8):1757–1763. doi: 10.2337/dc06-2073
Parkin CG, Davidson JA. Value of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Pattern Analysis in Improving Diabetes Outcomes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(3):500–508. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300314
Sheppard P, Bending J, Huber J. Pre- and post-prandial capillary glucose self-monitoring achieves better glycaemic control than pre-prandial only monitoring. Pract Diabetes Int. 2005;22(1):15–22. doi: 10.1002/pdi.733
Vervoort G, Goldschmidt HMG, van Doorn LG. Nocturnal Blood Glucose Proﬁles in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Multiple (≥4) Daily Insulin Injection Regimens. Diabet Med. 1996;13(9):794–799. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199609)13:9<794::AID-DIA185>3.0.CO;2-G
Louie RF, Lau MJ, Lee JH, Tang Z, Kost GJ. Multicenter Study of the Prevalence of Blood Contamination on Point-of-Care Glucose Meters and Recommendations for Controlling Contamination. Point Care J Near-Patient Test Technol. 2005;4(4):158–163. doi: 10.1097/01.poc.0000189933.35225.77
Lewandrowski K. Point-of-care testing: an overview and a look to the future (circa 2009, United States). Clin Lab Med. 2009;29(3):421–432. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2009.06.015
Klonoff DC, Perz JF. Assisted Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Special Safety Needs for a New Paradigm in Testing Glucose. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010;4(5):1027–1031. doi: 10.1177/193229681000400501
World Health Organization. WHO injection safety. Fact sheet No. 231. Revised May 2016. Geneva; 2016;
Thompson ND, Perz JF. Eliminating the blood: ongoing outbreaks of hepatitis B virus infection and the need for innovative glucose monitoring technologies. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(2):283–288. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300208
Jovanovic L, Savas H, Mehta M, Trujillo A, Pettitt DJ. Frequent Monitoring of A1C During Pregnancy as a Treatment Tool to Guide Therapy. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(1):53–54. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1455
Gorst C, Kwok CS, Aslam S, Buchan I, Kontopantelis E, Myint PK, et al. Long-term Glycemic Variability and Risk of Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(12):2354–2369. doi: 10.2337/dc15-1188
Ajjan RA, Cummings MH, Jennings P, Leelarathna L, Rayman G, Wilmot EG. Optimising use of rate-of-change trend arrows for insulin dosing decisions using the FreeStyle Libre ﬂash glucose monitoring system. Diabetes Vasc Dis Res. 2019;16(1):3–12. doi: 10.1177/1479164118795252
Bolinder J, Antuna R, Geelhoed-Duijvestijn P, Kröger J, Weitgasser R. Novel glucose-sensing technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, non-masked, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;388(10057):2254–2263. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31535-5
Lind M, Polonsky W, Hirsch IB, Heise T, Bolinder J, Dahlqvist S, et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring vs Conventional Therapy for Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections. JAMA. 2017;317(4):379–387. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.19976
Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino T, Bergenstal RM, Close KL, DeVries JH, et al. International Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(12):1631–1640. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1600
Ефремова НВ, Болотская ЛЛ, Атарщиков ДС, Бондаренко ОН, Ильин АВ, Шестакова МВ. Применение аналогов инсулина человека у пациентов молодого возраста с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа: результаты наблюдательной программы RESULT по применению инсулина гларгин (Лантус) в комбинации с инсулином глулизин (Апидра) в базально- болюсном режиме. Терапевтический архив (архив до 2018 г) [Internet]. 2015;87(10):42–49. doi: 10.17116/terarkh2015871042-49
Heller S, Bode B, Kozlovski P, Svendsen AL. Meta-analysis of insulin aspart versus regular human insulin used in a basal-bolus regimen for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes. 2013;5(4):482–491. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12060
Wojciechowski P, Niemczyk-Szechowska P, Olewińska E, Jaros P, Mierzejewska B, Skarżyńska- Duk J, et al. Clinical efﬁcacy and safety of insulin aspart compared with regular human insulin in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2015;125(3):141–151.
Dawoud D, O’Mahony R, Wonderling D, Cobb J, Higgins B, Amiel SA. Basal Insulin Regimens for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Value Health. 2018;21(2):176–184. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.04.024
Szypowska A, Golicki D, Groele L, Pańkowska E. Long-acting insulin analogue detemir compared with NPH insulin in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2011;121(7–8):237–246.
Einhorn D, Handelsman Y, Bode BW, Endahl LA, Mersebach H, King AB. Patients achieving good glycemic control (HbA1c <7%) experience a lower rate of hypoglycemia with insulin degludec than with insulin glargine: a meta-analysis of phase 3a trials. Endocr Pract. 2015;21(8):917–926. doi: 10.4158/EP14523.OR
Dżygało K, Golicki D, Kowalska A, Szypowska A. The beneﬁcial effect of insulin degludec on nocturnal hypoglycaemia and insulin dose in type 1 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Acta Diabetol. 2015;52(2):231–238. doi: 10.1007/s00592-014- 0604-0
Russell-Jones D, Gall M-A, Niemeyer M, Diamant M, Del Prato S. Insulin degludec results in lower rates of nocturnal hypoglycaemia and fasting plasma glucose vs. insulin glargine: A meta- analysis of seven clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25(10):898–905. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.06.005
Laubner K, Molz K, Kerner W, Karges W, Lang W, Dapp A, et al. Daily insulin doses and injection frequencies of neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin, insulin detemir and insulin glargine in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a multicenter analysis of 51 964 patients from the German/Austrian DPV-wiss database. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30(5):395–404. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2500
Laranjeira FO, de Andrade KRC, Figueiredo ACMG, Silva EN, Pereira MG. Long-acting insulin analogues for type 1 diabetes: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Atkin SL, editor. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0194801. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194801
Gough SCL. A review of human and analogue insulin trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;77(1):1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.10.015
Monami M, Marchionni N, Mannucci E. Long-acting insulin analogues vs. NPH human insulin in type 1 diabetes. A meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2009;11(4):372–378. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00976.x
Laurenzi A, Bolla AM, Panigoni G, Doria V, Uccellatore A, Peretti E, et al. Effects of Carbohydrate Counting on Glucose Control and Quality of Life Over 24 Weeks in Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion: A randomized, prospective clinical trial (GIOCAR). Diabetes Care. 2011;34(4):823–827. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1490
Sämann A, Mühlhauser I, Bender R, Kloos C, Müller UA. Glycaemic control and severe hypoglycaemia following training in ﬂexible, intensive insulin therapy to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: a prospective implementation study. Diabetologia. 2005;48(10):1965–1970. doi: 10.1007/s00125-005-1905-1
Bell KJ, Barclay AW, Petocz P, Colagiuri S, Brand-Miller JC. Efﬁcacy of carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(2):133–140. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70144-X
Elliott J, Lawton J, Rankin D, Emery C, Campbell M, Dixon S, et al. The 5x1 DAFNE study protocol: a cluster randomised trial comparing a standard 5 day DAFNE course delivered over 1 week against DAFNE training delivered over 1 day a week for 5 consecutive weeks. BMC Endocr Disord. 2012;12(1):28. doi: 10.1186/1472-6823-12-28
Haas L, Maryniuk M, Beck J, Cox CE, Duker P, Edwards L, et al. National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(Supplement_1):S100– S108. doi: 10.2337/dc13-S100
Cooke D, Bond R, Lawton J, Rankin D, Heller S, Clark M, et al. Structured Type 1 Diabetes Education Delivered Within Routine Care: Impact on glycemic control and diabetes-speciﬁc quality of life. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(2):270–272. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0080
Cochran J, Conn VS. Meta-analysis of Quality of Life Outcomes Following Diabetes Self- management Training. Diabetes Educ. 2008;34(5):815–823. doi: 10.1177/0145721708323640
Foster G, Taylor SJC, Eldridge SE, Ramsay J, Grifﬁths CJ. Self-management education programmes by lay leaders for people with chronic conditions. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2007; (4):CD005108. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005108.pub2
Johnson TM, Murray MR, Huang Y. Associations Between Self-Management Education and Comprehensive Diabetes Clinical Care. Diabetes Spectr. 2010;23(1):41–46. doi: 10.2337/diaspect.23.1.41
MacLeod J, Franz MJ, Handu D, Gradwell E, Brown C, Evert A, et al. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Nutrition Practice Guideline for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: Nutrition Intervention Evidence Reviews and Recommendations. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017;117(10):1637–1658. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.03.023
DAFNE Study Group. Training in ﬂexible, intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: dose adjustment for normal eating (DAFNE) randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2002;325(7367):746–746. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7367.746
Delahanty LM, Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Hu FB, Cleary PA, Ziegler GK, et al. Association of diet with glycated hemoglobin during intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(2):518–524. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26498
Майоров АЮ, Мельникова ОГ, Котешкова ОМ, Мисникова ИВ, Черникова НА. Техника инъекций и инфузии при лечении сахарного диабета. Методическое руководство. Москва: ООО “АРТИНФО”; 2018; 64 p.
Frid AH, Kreugel G, Grassi G, Halimi S, Hicks D, Hirsch LJ, et al. New Insulin Delivery Recommendations. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(9):1231–1255. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.06.010
Kreugel G, Kees J, Jongbloed A, Verweij-Gjaltema A, Wolffenbuttel B. The inﬂuence of needle length on glycemic control and patient preference in obese diabetic patients. Diabetes [Internet]. 2009;58:A117.
Schwartz S, Hassman D, Shelmet J, Sievers R, Weinstein R, Liang J, et al. A multicenter, open- label, randomized, two-period crossover trial comparing glycemic control, satisfaction, and preference achieved with a 31 gauge x 6 mm needle versus a 29 gauge x 12.7 mm needle in obese patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2004;26(10):1663–1678. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2004.10.007
Strauss K, Hannet I, McGonigle J, Parkes J, Ginsberg B, Jamal R, et al. Ultra-short (5 mm) insulin needles: Trial results and clinical recommendations. Pract Diabetes Int. 1999;16(7):218– 222. doi: 10.1002/pdi.1960160711
Kreugel G, Keers JC, Kerstens MN, Wolffenbuttel BHR. Randomized Trial on the Inﬂuence of the Length of Two Insulin Pen Needles on Glycemic Control and Patient Preference in Obese Patients with Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011;13(7):737–741. doi: 10.1089/dia.2011.0010
McKay M, Compion G, Lytzen L. A Comparison of Insulin Injection Needles on Patients’ Perceptions of Pain, Handling, and Acceptability: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Study in Subjects with Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11(3):195–201. doi: 10.1089/dia.2008.0054
Birkebaek NH, Solvig J, Hansen B, Jorgensen C, Smedegaard J, Christiansen JS. A 4-mm Needle Reduces the Risk of Intramuscular Injections Without Increasing Backﬂow to Skin Surface in Lean Diabetic Children and Adults. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(9):e65. doi: 10.2337/dc08-0977
Uzun S, Inanc N, Azal S. Determining optimal needle length for subcutaneous insulin injection. J Diab Nurs [Internet]. 2001;5(10):83–87.
Hirsch LJ, Gibney MA, Albanese J, Qu S, Kassler-Taub K, Klaff LJ, et al. Comparative glycemic control, safety and patient ratings for a new 4 mm × 32G insulin pen needle in adults with diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(6):1531–1541. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2010.482499
Miwa T, Itoh R, Kobayashi T, Tanabe T, Shikuma J, Takahashi T, et al. Comparison of the Effects of a New 32-Gauge×4-mm Pen Needle and a 32-Gauge×6-mm Pen Needle on Glycemic Control, Safety, and Patient Ratings in Japanese Adults with Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012;14(12):1084–1090. doi: 10.1089/dia.2012.0170
Nagai Y, Ohshige T, Arai K, Kobayashi H, Sada Y, Ohmori S, et al. Comparison Between Shorter Straight and Thinner Microtapered Insulin Injection Needles. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2013;15(7):550–555. doi: 10.1089/dia.2012.0334
Bergenstal RM, Strock ES, Peremislov D, Gibney MA, Parvu V, Hirsch LJ. Safety and Efﬁcacy of Insulin Therapy Delivered via a 4mm Pen Needle in Obese Patients With Diabetes. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(3):329–338. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.12.014
Caffrey R. Are All Syringes Created Equal?: How to choose and use today’s insulin syringes. Am J Nurs [Internet]. 2003;103(6):46–49.
Braak EWT, Woodworth JR, Bianchi R, Cerimele B, Erkelens DW, Thijssen JHH, et al. Injection Site Effects on the Pharmacokinetics and Glucodynamics of Insulin Lispro and Regular Insulin. Diabetes Care. 1996;19(12):1437–1440. doi: 10.2337/diacare.19.12.1437
Lippert WC, Wall EJ. Optimal Intramuscular Needle-Penetration Depth. Pediatrics. 2008;122(3):e556–e563. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-0374
Sonoki K, Yoshinari M, Iwase M, Tashiro K, Iino K, Wakisaka M, et al. Regurgitation of Blood into Insulin Cartridges in the Pen-like Injectors. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(3):603–604. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.3.603
Shikata T, Karasawa T, Abe K, Uzawa T, Suzuki H, Oda T, et al. Hepatitis B e Antigen and Infectivity of Hepatitis B Virus. J Infect Dis. 1977;136(4):571–576. doi: 10.1093/infdis/136.4.571
Scioli D, Pizzella T, Vollaro L, Nardiello S, De Feo L. The action of VIRKON No Foam on the hepatitis B virus. Eur J Epidemiol. 1997;13(8):879–883. doi: 10.1023/A:1007399926095
Herdman ML, Larck C, Schliesser SH, Jelic TM. Biological contamination of insulin pens in a hospital setting. Am J Heal Pharm. 2013;70(14):1244–1248. doi: 10.2146/ajhp120728
Schuler G, Pelz K, Kerp L. Is the reuse of needles for insulin injection systems associated with a higher risk of cutaneous complications? Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1992;16(3):209–212.
Johansson U-B, Amsberg S, Hannerz L, Wredling R, Adamson U, Arnqvist HJ, et al. Impaired Absorption of Insulin Aspart From Lipohypertrophic Injection Sites. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(8):2025–2027. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.8.2025
Chowdhury TA, Escudier V. Poor glycaemic control caused by insulin induced lipohypertrophy. BMJ. 2003;327(7411):383–384. doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7411.383
Chantelau E, Lee DM, Hemmann DM, Zipfel U, Echterhoff S. What makes insulin injections painful? BMJ. 1991;303(6793):26–27. doi: 10.1136/bmj.303.6793.26
Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, et al. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11):2065–2079. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1728
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2008;
Pickup JC. The Evidence Base for Diabetes Technology: Appropriate and Inappropriate Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2013;7(6):1567–1574. doi: 10.1177/193229681300700617
Lin MH, Connor CG, Ruedy KJ, Beck RW, Kollman C, Buckingham B, et al. Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Treatment Center Are Associated with Insulin Pump Therapy in Youth in the First Year Following Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2013;15(11):929– 934. doi: 10.1089/dia.2013.0132
Doyle EA, Weinzimer SA, Steffen AT, Ahern JAH, Vincent M, Tamborlane W V. A randomized, prospective trial comparing the efﬁcacy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with multiple daily injections using insulin glargine. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(7):1554–1558. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.7.1554
Jeitler K, Horvath K, Berghold A, Gratzer TW, Neeser K, Pieber TR, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily insulin injections in patients with diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2008;51(6):941–951. doi: 10.1007/s00125-008-0974-3
Karges B, Schwandt A, Heidtmann B, Kordonouri O, Binder E, Schierloh U, et al. Association of Insulin Pump Therapy vs Insulin Injection Therapy With Severe Hypoglycemia, Ketoacidosis, and Glycemic Control Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. JAMA. 2017;318(14):1358–1366. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.13994
Pickup JC, Sutton AJ. Severe hypoglycaemia and glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes: meta- analysis of multiple daily insulin injections compared with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabet Med. 2008;25(7):765–774. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02486.x
Misso ML, Egberts KJ, Page M, O’Connor D, Shaw J. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple insulin injections for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2010;(1):CD005103. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005103.pub2
Saudek CD, Duckworth WC, Giobbie-Hurder A, Henderson WG, Henry RR, Kelley DE, et al. Implantable insulin pump vs multiple-dose insulin for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial. Department of Veterans Affairs Implantable Insulin Pump Study Group. JAMA. 1996;276(16):1322–1327.
Weissberg-Benchell J, Antisdel-Lomaglio J, Seshadri R. Insulin Pump Therapy: A meta- analysis. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(4):1079–1087. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.4.1079
Quirós C, Jansà M, Viñals C, Giménez M, Roca D, Escarrabill J, et al. Experiences and real life management of insulin pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol diabetes y Nutr. 2019;66(2):117–123. doi: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.05.017
Peters AL, Ahmann AJ, Battelino T, Evert A, Hirsch IB, Murad MH, et al. Diabetes Technology-Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(11):3922–3937. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-2534
Meade LT, Rushton WE. Optimizing insulin pump therapy: a quality improvement project. Diabetes Educ. 2013;39(6):841–847. doi: 10.1177/0145721713504628
American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S90–S102. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S009
Gruessner AC, Sutherland DER. Pancreas transplant outcomes for United States (US) cases as reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the International Pancreas Transplant Registry (IPTR). Clin Transpl. 2008;:45–56.
Scalea JR, Butler CC, Munivenkatappa RB, Nogueira JM, Campos L, Haririan A, et al. Pancreas Transplant Alone as an Independent Risk Factor for the Development of Renal Failure: A Retrospective Study. Transplantation. 2008;86(12):1789–1794. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181913fbf
Deakin T, Whitham C. Structured patient education: the X-PERT Programme. Br J Community Nurs. 2009;14(9):398–404. doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2009.14.9.43916
Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения. Терапевтическое обучение больных. Программы непрерывного обучения для работников здравоохранения в области профилактики хронических заболеваний. Отчет рабочей группы ВОЗ. Москва; 1998;
Старостина ЕГ, Анциферов МБ, Галстян ГР, Дедов ИИ. Эффективность программы интенсивного лечения и обучения больных сахарным диабетом 1 типа. Проблемы эндокринологии [Internet]. 1994;40(3):12–15. doi: 10.14341/probl12004
Майоров АЮ, Галстян ГР, Двойнишникова ОМ, Анциферов МБ, Дедов ИИ. Терапевтическое обучение в России: результаты 15-летнего наблюдения больных сахарным диабетом 1 типа. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2005;8(3):52–58. doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5579
American Diabetes Association. 5. Lifestyle Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S46–S60. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S005
Yeoh E, Choudhary P, Nwokolo M, Ayis S, Amiel SA. Interventions That Restore Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(8):1592–1609. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0102
Ellis SE, Speroff T, Dittus RS, Brown A, Pichert JW, Elasy TA. Diabetes patient education: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Patient Educ Couns. 2004;52(1):97–105. doi: 10.1016/S0738- 3991(03)00016-8
Heller SR. Structured education in type 1 diabetes. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis. 2009;9(6):269–272. doi: 10.1177/1474651409351646
Clark M. Diabetes self-management education: A review of published studies. Prim Care Diabetes. 2008;2(3):113–120. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2008.04.004
Oliver L, Thompson G. The DAFNE Collaborative. Experiences of developing a nationally delivered evidence-based, quality-assured programme for people with type 1 diabetes. Pract Diabetes Int. 2009;26(9):371–377. doi: 10.1002/pdi.1424
Дедов ИИ, Суркова ЕВ, Майоров АЮ, Галстян ГР, Анциферов МБ, Токмакова АЮ. Программа подготовки специалистов в области обучения больных сахарным диабетом. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2003;6(1):44–47. doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-6045
Дедов ИИ, Суркова ЕВ, Майоров АЮ, Галстян ГР, Токмакова АЮ. Терапевтическое обучение больных сахарным диабетом. Москва: Реафарм; 2004; 200 p.
Суркова ЕВ, Майоров АЮ, Галстян ГР, Токмакова АЮ. Обучение больных сахарным диабетом: Руководство для эндокринологов. Дедов ИИ, editor. Москва: Медицина для Вас; 2007;
Sadosky A, Schaefer C, Mann R, Bergstrom F, Baik R, Parsons B, et al. Burden of illness associated with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy among adults seeking treatment in the US: results from a retrospective chart review and cross-sectional survey. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2013;6:79–92. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S37415
Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, McNicol E, Baron R, Dworkin RH, et al. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14(2):162–173. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70251-0
Tesfaye S, Wilhelm S, Lledo A, Schacht A, Tölle T, Bouhassira D, et al. Duloxetine and pregabalin: High-dose monotherapy or their combination? The “COMBO-DN study” – a multinational, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain. 2013;154(12):2616–2625. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.043
Waldfogel JM, Nesbit SA, Dy SM, Sharma R, Zhang A, Wilson LM, et al. Pharmacotherapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain and quality of life. Neurology. 2017;88(20):1958–1967. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003882
Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Bell RF, Rice AS, Tölle TR, Phillips T, et al. Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;6:CD007938. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007938.pub4
Wernicke JF, Pritchett YL, D’Souza DN, Waninger A, Tran P, Iyengar S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Neurology. 2006;67(8):1411– 1420. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000240225.04000.1a
Schwartz S, Etropolski M, Shapiro DY, Okamoto A, Lange R, Haeussler J, et al. Safety and efﬁcacy of tapentadol ER in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: results of a randomized-withdrawal, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011;27(1):151–162. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2010.537589
Seaquist ER, Anderson J, Childs B, Cryer P, Dagogo-Jack S, Fish L, et al. Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(5):1384–1395. doi: 10.2337/dc12-2480
Cryer PE. Diverse Causes of Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure in Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(22):2272–2279. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra031354
Cryer PE, Preceded by: Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia in diabetes : pathophysiology, prevalence, and prevention [Internet]. American Diabetes Association; 2016; 254 p.
Slama G, Traynard PY, Desplanque N, Pudar H, Dhunputh I, Letanoux M, et al. The search for an optimized treatment of hypoglycemia. Carbohydrates in tablets, solutin, or gel for the correction of insulin reactions. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150(3):589–593.
Agiostratidou G, Anhalt H, Ball D, Blonde L, Gourgari E, Harriman KN, et al. Standardizing Clinically Meaningful Outcome Measures Beyond HbA1c for Type 1 Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, the American Diabetes Association, the Endo. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(12):1622–1630. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1624
Karter AJ, Moffet HH, Liu JY, Lipska KJ. Surveillance of Hypoglycemia—Limitations of Emergency Department and Hospital Utilization Data. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(7):987–988. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.1014
Cox DJ, Kovatchev B, Koev D, Koeva L, Dachev S, Tcharaktchiev D, et al. Hypoglycemia anticipation, awareness and treatment training (HAATT) reduces occurrence of severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int J Behav Med. 2004;11(4):212–218. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1104_4
Eli Lilly Canada Inc. Glucagon (rDNA Origin) Product Monograph. Toronto; 2012; 32 p.
Nordisk N. GlucaGen® (glucagon) Product monograph. Bagsvaerd; 2002;
Boido A, Ceriani V, Pontiroli AE. Glucagon for hypoglycemic episodes in insulin-treated diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a comparison of glucagon with dextrose and of different glucagon formulations. Acta Diabetol. 2015;52(2):405–412. doi: 10.1007/s00592-014-0665-0
Dabelea D, Stafford JM, Mayer-Davis EJ, D’Agostino R, Dolan L, Imperatore G, et al. Association of Type 1 Diabetes vs Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosed During Childhood and Adolescence With Complications During Teenage Years and Young Adulthood. JAMA. 2017;317(8):825–835. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.0686
Canadian Ophthalmological Society Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Practice Guideline Expert Committee, Hooper P, Boucher MC, Cruess A, Dawson KG, Delpero W, et al. Canadian Ophthalmological Society Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy - executive summary. Can J Ophthalmol. 2012;47(2):91–101. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2012.01.022
Martin CL, Albers JW, Pop-Busui R. Neuropathy and Related Findings in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(1):31–38. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2114
Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJM, Feldman EL, Bril V, Freeman R, Malik RA, et al. Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):136–154. doi: 10.2337/dc16-2042
Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ. Осложнения сахарного диабета: лечение и профилактика. Москва: МИА; 2017; 743 p.
Fox CS, Matsushita K, Woodward M, Bilo HJG, Chalmers J, Heerspink HJL, et al. Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2012;380(9854):1662–1673. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(12)61350-6
National Kidney Foundation. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl [Internet]. 2013;3(1):1–150.
American Diabetes Association. 11. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S124–S138. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S011
Smart NA, Dieberg G, Ladhani M, Titus T. Early referral to specialist nephrology services for preventing the progression to end-stage kidney disease. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2014; (6):CD007333. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007333.pub2
Molitch ME, Steffes M, Sun W, Rutledge B, Cleary P, de Boer IH, et al. Development and progression of renal insufﬁciency with and without albuminuria in adults with type 1 diabetes in the diabetes control and complications trial and the epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(7):1536–1543. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1098
Kasiske BL, Lakatua JD, Ma JZ, Louis TA. A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary protein restriction on the rate of decline in renal function. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;31(6):954–961.
He FJ, MacGregor GA. Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD004937. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004937
Mills KT, Chen J, Yang W, Appel LJ, Kusek JW, Alper A, et al. Sodium Excretion and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA. 2016;315(20):2200–2210. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.4447
Nilsson E, Gasparini A, Ärnlöv J, Xu H, Henriksson KM, Coresh J, et al. Incidence and determinants of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia in a large healthcare system. Int J Cardiol. 2017;245:277–284. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.035
DCCT/EDIC research group. Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on albuminuria in type 1 diabetes: long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study. lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(10):793– 800. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70155-X
DCCT/EDIC Research Group, de Boer IH, Sun W, Cleary PA, Lachin JM, Molitch ME, et al. Intensive diabetes therapy and glomerular ﬁltration rate in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(25):2366–2376. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1111732
Parving HH, Andersen AR, Smidt UM, Svendsen PA. Early aggressive antihypertensive treatment reduces rate of decline in kidney function in diabetic nephropathy. Lancet. 1983;1(8335):1175–1179. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92462-5
The EUCLID study group. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria. Lancet (London, England). 1997;349(9068):1787–1792.
Bandak G, Sang Y, Gasparini A, Chang AR, Ballew SH, Evans M, et al. Hyperkalemia After Initiating Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade: The Stockholm Creatinine Measurements (SCREAM) Project. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(7):pii: e005428. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.005428
Sumida K, Molnar MZ, Potukuchi PK, George K, Thomas F, Lu JL, et al. Changes in Albuminuria and Subsequent Risk of Incident Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12(12):1941–1949. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02720317
Mauer M, Zinman B, Gardiner R, Suissa S, Sinaiko A, Strand T, et al. Renal and Retinal Effects of Enalapril and Losartan in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(1):40–51. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808400
Аветисов СЭ, Егоров ЕА, Мошетова ЛК, Нероев ВВ, Тахчиди ХП. Офтальмология. Национальное руководство. Краткое издание. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2014; 736 p.
Giusti C GP. Advances in biochemical mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci [Internet]. 2007;11(3):115–163.
Липатов ДВ, Викулова ОК, Железнякова АВ, Исаков МА, Бессмертная ЕГ, Толкачева АА, et al. Эпидемиология диабетической ретинопатии в Российской Федерации по данным Федерального регистра пациентов с сахарным диабетом (2013-2016 гг.). Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2018;21(4):230–240. doi: 10.14341/DM9797
Kohner E, Porta M, Hyer S. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and cataract. In: Pickup JC, Williams G, editors. Textbook of diabetes [Internet]. Oxford: Blackwell Scientiﬁc; 1991; p. 564– 574.
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study research group. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1. Arch Ophthalmol (Chicago, Ill 1960). 1985;103(12):1796–1806.
Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Ophthalmol (Chicago, Ill 1960). 1984;102(4):527–532.
Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol (Chicago, Ill 1960). 1984;102(4):520–526.
Public Health England. NHS diabetic eye screening (DES) programme [Internet].
NHS Scotland National Diabetes Retinopathy Screening [Internet].
International Council of Ophthalmology. ICO Guidelines for Diabetic Eye Care [Internet]. San Francisco; 2017;
Schmidt-Erfurth U, Garcia-Arumi J, Bandello F, Berg K, Chakravarthy U, Gerendas BS, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA). Ophthalmologica. 2017;237(4):185–222. doi: 10.1159/000458539
Brown DM, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Do D V., Holz FG, Boyer DS, Midena E, et al. Intravitreal Aﬂibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema: 100-Week Results From the VISTA and VIVID Studies. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(10):2044–2052. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.06.017
Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clinical application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) ﬁndings, DRS Report Number 8. Ophthalmology. 1981;88(7):583–600.
Virgili G, Menchini F, Murro V, Peluso E, Rosa F, Casazza G. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detection of macular oedema in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD008081. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008081.pub2
Virgili G, Menchini F, Dimastrogiovanni AF, Rapizzi E, Menchini U, Bandello F, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography versus Stereoscopic Fundus Photography or Biomicroscopy for Diagnosing Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review. Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci. 2007;48(11):4963– 4973. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-1472
Sim DA, Mitry D, Alexander P, Mapani A, Goverdhan S, Aslam T, et al. The Evolution of Teleophthalmology Programs in the United Kingdom. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2016;10(2):308–317. doi: 10.1177/1932296816629983
Harding SP, Broadbent DM, Neoh C, White MC, Vora J. Sensitivity and speciﬁcity of photography and direct ophthalmoscopy in screening for sight threatening eye disease: the Liverpool diabetic eye study. BMJ. 1995;311(7013):1131–1135. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.7013.1131
Diabetes Control and Complication Trial Research Group. The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes. 1995;44(8):968–983.
World Health Organization. Prevention of blindness from diabetes mellitus. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva; 2006;
Shi R, Zhao L, Wang F, Liu F, Chen Z, Li R, et al. Effects of lipid-lowering agents on diabetic retinopathy: a Meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Ophthalmol. 2018;11(2):287–295. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2018.02.18
Chaturvedi N, Sjolie A-K, Stephenson JM, Abrahamian H, Keipes M, Castellarin A, et al. Effect of lisinopril on progression of retinopathy in normotensive people with type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 1998;351(9095):28–31. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)06209-0
Keech AC, Mitchell P, Summanen PA, O’Day J, Davis TME, Mofﬁtt MS, et al. Effect of fenoﬁbrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FIELD study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370(9600):1687–1697. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61607-9
Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Indications for photocoagulation treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report no. 14. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1987;27(4):239–253.
Evans JR, Michelessi M, Virgili G. Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2014;(11):CD011234. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011234.pub2
Elman MJ, Ayala A, Bressler NM, Browning D, Flaxel CJ, Glassman AR, et al. Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema with Prompt versus Deferred Laser Treatment: 5-Year Randomized Trial Results. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(2):375–381. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.08.047
Elman MJ, Bressler NM, Qin H, Beck RW, Ferris FL, Friedman SM, et al. Expanded 2-Year Follow-up of Ranibizumab Plus Prompt or Deferred Laser or Triamcinolone Plus Prompt Laser for Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(4):609–614. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.12.033
Nguyen QD, Brown DM, Marcus DM, Boyer DS, Patel S, Feiner L, et al. Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(4):789–801. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.12.039
Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network, Wells JA, Glassman AR, Ayala AR, Jampol LM, Aiello LP, et al. Aﬂibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(13):1193–1203. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414264
Wells JA, Glassman AR, Ayala AR, Jampol LM, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, et al. Aﬂibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema: Two-Year Results from a Comparative Effectiveness Randomized Clinical Trial. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(6):1351–1359. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.02.022
Boyer DS, Yoon YH, Belfort R, Bandello F, Maturi RK, Augustin AJ, et al. Three-Year, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(10):1904–1914. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.024
Callanan DG, Gupta S, Boyer DS, Ciulla TA, Singer MA, Kuppermann BD, et al. Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in Combination with Laser Photocoagulation for the Treatment of Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(9):1843–1851. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.018
Sharif A, Moore RH, Baboolal K. The use of oral glucose tolerance tests to risk stratify for new-onset diabetes after transplantation: An underdiagnosed phenomenon. Transplantation. 2006;82(12):1667–1672. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000250924.99855.42
Huang C-H, Hsieh Y-T, Yang C-M. Vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in young adults: clinical features and surgical outcomes. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;255(5):863–871. doi: 10.1007/s00417-016-3579-4
Gupta B, Wong R, Sivaprasad S, Williamson TH. Surgical and visual outcome following 20- gauge vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy over a 10-year period, evidence for change in practice. Eye. 2012;26(4):576–582. doi: 10.1038/eye.2011.348
Cruz-Iñigo YJ, Acabá LA, Berrocal MH. Surgical management of retinal diseases: proliferative diabetic retinopathy and traction retinal detachment. Dev Ophthalmol. 2014;54:196– 203. doi: 10.1159/000360467
Jackson TL, Nicod E, Angelis A, Grimaccia F, Pringle E, Kanavos P. Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Synthesis of Safety Literature. Retina. 2017;37(5):886–895. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001280
Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Lisabeth LL, Morgenstern LB, Longoria R, Rodgers A, et al. Role of Neurologists and Diagnostic Tests on the Management of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(9):1143–1149. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1279
Dyck PJ, Albers JW, Andersen H, Arezzo JC, Biessels G-J, Bril V, et al. Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research deﬁnition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2011;27(7):620–628. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.1226
Bril V, Perkins BA. Validation of the Toronto Clinical Scoring System for Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(11):2048–2052. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.11.2048
Bastyr EJ, Price KL, Bril V, MBBQ Study Group. Development and validity testing of the neuropathy total symptom score-6: questionnaire for the study of sensory symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Clin Ther. 2005;27(8):1278–1294. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.08.002
Xiong Q, Lu B, Ye H, Wu X, Zhang T, Li Y. The Diagnostic Value of Neuropathy Symptom and Change Score, Neuropathy Impairment Score and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Eur Neurol. 2015;74(5–6):323–327. doi: 10.1159/000441449
Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, Braffett BH, Martin CL, Cleary PA, Albers JW, et al. Use of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument as a measure of distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in Type 1 diabetes: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications. Diabet Med. 2012;29(7):937–944. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03644.x
Martin CL, Albers J, Herman WH, Cleary P, Waberski B, Greene DA, et al. Neuropathy Among the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Cohort 8 Years After Trial Completion. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(2):340–344. doi: 10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1549
Jaiswal M, Lauer A, Martin CL, Bell RA, Divers J, Dabelea D, et al. Peripheral Neuropathy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes From the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Follow-up Cohort: A pilot study. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(12):3903–3908. doi: 10.2337/dc13- 1213
Young MJ, Boulton AJ, MacLeod AF, Williams DR, Sonksen PH. A multicentre study of the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United Kingdom hospital clinic population. Diabetologia. 1993;36(2):150–154.
Spallone V, Morganti R, D’Amato C, Greco C, Cacciotti L, Marﬁa GA. Validation of DN4 as a screening tool for neuropathic pain in painful diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabet Med. 2012;29(5):578–585. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03500.x
England JD, Gronseth GS, Franklin G, Miller RG, Asbury AK, Carter GT, et al. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy: A deﬁnition for clinical research: Report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Neurology. 2005;64(2):199–207. doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000149522.32823.EA
Apfel SC, Asbury AK, Bril V, Burns TM, Campbell JN, Chalk CH, et al. Positive neuropathic sensory symptoms as endpoints in diabetic neuropathy trials. J Neurol Sci. 2001;189(1–2):3–5.
Kim Y, Kim H, Choi S, Park Y, Lee S, Cho B. Clinical Usefulness of the Two-site Semmes- Weinstein Monoﬁlament Test for Detecting Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. J Korean Med Sci. 2003;18(1):103–107. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2003.18.1.103
Pham H, Armstrong DG, Harvey C, Harkless LB, Giurini JM, Veves A. Screening techniques to identify people at high risk for diabetic foot ulceration: a prospective multicenter trial. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(5):606–611. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.5.606
Dyck PJ, Overland CJ, Low PA, Litchy WJ, Davies JL, Dyck PJB, et al. Signs and symptoms versus nerve conduction studies to diagnose diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: Cl vs. NPhys trial. Muscle Nerve. 2010;42(2):157–164. doi: 10.1002/mus.21661
Pop-Busui R, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Martin CL, Herman WH, Low PA, et al. Association Between Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Left Ventricular Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(4):447–454. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.028
Tesfaye S, Boulton AJM, Dyck PJ, Freeman R, Horowitz M, Kempler P, et al. Diabetic Neuropathies: Update on Deﬁnitions, Diagnostic Criteria, Estimation of Severity, and Treatments. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(10):2285–2293. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1303
Feldman EL, Stevens MJ, Thomas PK, Brown MB, Canal N, Greene DA. A Practical Two-Step Quantitative Clinical and Electrophysiological Assessment for the Diagnosis and Staging of Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 1994;17(11):1281–1289. doi: 10.2337/diacare.17.11.1281
Devigili G, Tugnoli V, Penza P, Camozzi F, Lombardi R, Melli G, et al. The diagnostic criteria for small ﬁbre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology. Brain. 2008;131(7):1912–1925. doi: 10.1093/brain/awn093
Kallinikos P, Berhanu M, O’Donnell C, Boulton AJM, Efron N, Malik RA. Corneal Nerve Tortuosity in Diabetic Patients with Neuropathy. Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci. 2004;45(2):418– 422. doi: 10.1167/iovs.03-0637
Ang L, Jaiswal M, Martin C, Pop-Busui R. Glucose Control and Diabetic Neuropathy: Lessons from Recent Large Clinical Trials. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(9):528. doi: 10.1007/s11892-014-0528-7
Diadetes Control and Complication Trial (DCCT) Research Group. Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on nerve conduction in the diabetes control and complications trial. Ann Neurol. 1995;38(6):869–880. doi: 10.1002/ana.410380607
Albers JW, Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, Feldman EL, Martin CL, Cleary PA, et al. Effect of Prior Intensive Insulin Treatment During the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) on Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes During the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):1090–1096. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1941
Chantelau EA, Grützner G. Is the Eichenholtz classiﬁcation still valid for the diabetic Charcot foot? Swiss Med Wkly. 2014;144:w13948. doi: 10.4414/smw.2014.13948
Molines L, Darmon P, Raccah D. Charcot’s foot: newest ﬁndings on its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Diabetes Metab. 2010;36(4):251–255. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.04.002
Chantelau EA, Richter A. The acute diabetic Charcot foot managed on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging--a review of 71 cases. Swiss Med Wkly. 2013;143:w13831. doi: 10.4414/smw.2013.13831
Martín Noguerol T, Luna Alcalá A, Beltrán LS, Gómez Cabrera M, Broncano Cabrero J, Vilanova JC. Advanced MR Imaging Techniques for Differentiation of Neuropathic Arthropathy and Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Foot. RadioGraphics. 2017;37(4):1161–1180. doi: 10.1148/rg.2017160101
Ertugrul BM, Lipsky BA, Savk O. Osteomyelitis or Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy? Differentiating these disorders in diabetic patients with a foot problem. Diabet Foot Ankle. 2013;4(1):21855. doi: 10.3402/dfa.v4i0.21855
Удовиченко ОВ, Бублик ЕВ, Максимова НВ, Пряхина КЮ, Ермолаева ОС, Спруит П, et al. Эффективность иммобилизирующих разгрузочных повязок Total Contact Cast: обзор зарубежных рандомизированных клинических исследований и собственные данные. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2010;13(2):50–55. doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5674
Christensen TM, Gade-Rasmussen B, Pedersen LW, Hommel E, Holstein PE, Svendsen OL. Duration of off-loading and recurrence rate in Charcot osteo-arthropathy treated with less restrictive regimen with removable walker. J Diabetes Complications. 2012;26(5):430–434. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.05.006
Game FL, Catlow R, Jones GR, Edmonds ME, Jude EB, Rayman G, et al. Audit of acute Charcot’s disease in the UK: the CDUK study. Diabetologia. 2012;55(1):32–35. doi: 10.1007/s00125- 011-2354-7
Cavanagh PR, Bus SA. Off-loading the diabetic foot for ulcer prevention and healing. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127 Suppl:248S-256S. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182024864
Cleary PA, Orchard TJ, Genuth S, Wong ND, Detrano R, Backlund J-YC, et al. The effect of intensive glycemic treatment on coronary artery calciﬁcation in type 1 diabetic participants of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study. Diabetes. 2006;55(12):3556–3565. doi: 10.2337/db06-0653
Soedamah-Muthu SS, Colhoun HM, Abrahamian H, Chan NN, Reboldi GP, Mangili R, et al. Trends in hypertension management in Type I diabetes across Europe, 1989/1990 ? 1997/1999. Diabetologia. 2002;45(10):1362–1371. doi: 10.1007/s00125-002-0914-6
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Pr. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):e13–e115. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065
Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021–3104. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
Powers BJ, Olsen MK, Smith VA, Woolson RF, Bosworth HB, Oddone EZ. Measuring blood pressure for decision making and quality reporting: where and how many measures? Ann Intern Med. 2011;154(12):781–788. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-12-201106210-00005
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507–520. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.284427
de Boer IH, Bangalore S, Benetos A, Davis AM, Michos ED, Muntner P, et al. Diabetes and Hypertension: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(9):1273–1284. doi: 10.2337/dci17-0026
Catalá-López F, Macías Saint-Gerons D, González-Bermejo D, Rosano GM, Davis BR, Ridao M, et al. Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade in Adult Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analyses. PLoS Med. 2016;13(3):e1001971. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001971
Barzilay JI, Davis BR, Bettencourt J, Margolis KL, Goff DC, Black H, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes using doxazosin vs. chlorthalidone for the treatment of hypertension in older adults with and without glucose disorders: a report from the ALLHAT study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2004;6(3):116–125.
Shibao C, Lipsitz LA, Biaggioni I. Evaluation and treatment of orthostatic hypotension. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2013;7(4):317–324. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2013.04.006
Gibbons CH, Schmidt P, Biaggioni I, Frazier-Mills C, Freeman R, Isaacson S, et al. The recommendations of a consensus panel for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and associated supine hypertension. J Neurol. 2017;264(8):1567–1582. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8375-x
Gaspar L, Kruzliak P, Komornikova A, Celecova Z, Krahulec B, Balaz D, et al. Orthostatic hypotension in diabetic patients—10-year follow-up study. J Diabetes Complications. 2016;30(1):67–71. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.08.020
Task Force Members, Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S, Andreotti F, Arden C, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(38):2949–3003. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht296
Authors/Task Force Members, Rydén L, Grant PJ, Anker SD, Berne C, Cosentino F, et al. ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: the Task Force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in collaboratio. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(39):3035–3087. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht108
Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):e285–e350. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003
Бойцов СА, Погосова НВ, Бубнова МГ, Драпкина ОМ, Гаврилова НЕ, Еганян РА, et al. Кардиоваскулярная профилактика 2017. Российские национальные рекомендации. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;23(6):7–122. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-7-122
de Ferranti SD, de Boer IH, Fonseca V, Fox CS, Golden SH, Lavie CJ, et al. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 2014;130(13):1110–1130. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000034
Leiter LA, Cariou B, Müller-Wieland D, Colhoun HM, Del Prato S, Tinahones FJ, et al. Efﬁcacy and safety of alirocumab in insulin-treated individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk: The ODYSSEY DM-INSULIN randomized trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(12):1781–1792. doi: 10.1111/dom.13114
Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, et al. Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(20):2001– 2015. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0706482
Cannon CP, Harrington RA, James S, Ardissino D, Becker RC, Emanuelsson H, et al. Comparison of ticagrelor with clopidogrel in patients with a planned invasive strategy for acute coronary syndromes (PLATO): a randomised double-blind study. Lancet. 2010;375(9711):283–293. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62191-7
Мареев ВЮ, Фомин ИВ, Агеев ФТ, Беграмбекова ЮЛ, Васюк ЮА, Гарганеева АА, et al. Сердечная недостаточность: хроническая и острая декомпенсированная. Диагностика, профилактика и лечение. Кардиология [Internet]. 2018;58(6S):8–158. doi: 10.18087/cardio.2475
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Colvin MM, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(6):776–803. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.025
Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(27):2129–2200. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128
Prompers L, Huijberts M, Apelqvist J, Jude E, Piaggesi A, Bakker K, et al. High prevalence of ischaemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patients with diabetic foot disease in Europe. Baseline results from the Eurodiale study. Diabetologia. 2007;50(1):18–25. doi: 10.1007/s00125- 006-0491-1
Morbach S, Furchert H, Gröblinghoff U, Hoffmeier H, Kersten K, Klauke G-T, et al. Long-term prognosis of diabetic foot patients and their limbs: amputation and death over the course of a decade. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(10):2021–2027. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0200
Hingorani A, LaMuraglia GM, Henke P, Meissner MH, Loretz L, Zinszer KM, et al. The management of diabetic foot: A clinical practice guideline by the Society for Vascular Surgery in collaboration with the American Podiatric Medical Association and the Society for Vascular Medicine. J Vasc Surg. 2016;63(2):3S-21S. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.10.003
Hart T, Milner R, Cifu A. Management of a Diabetic Foot. JAMA. 2017;318(14):1387–1388. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.11700
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Diabetic Foot Problems. Inpatient management of diabetic foot problems. London; 2011;
Edmonds ME, Morrison N, Laws JW, Watkins PJ. Medial arterial calciﬁcation and diabetic neuropathy. BMJ. 1982;284(6320):928–930. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6320.928
Feinglass J, Shively VP, Martin GJ, Huang ME, Soriano RH, Rodriguez HE, et al. How “preventable” are lower extremity amputations? A qualitative study of patient perceptions of precipitating factors. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(25):2158–2165. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2012.677936
Ababneh M, Al Ayed MY, Robert AA, Al Dawish MA. Clinical Utility of the Ankle-Brachial Index and Toe Brachial Index in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2019;15. doi: 10.2174/1573399815666190531093238
Huen KH, Chowdhury R, Shaﬁi SM, Brewster LP, Arya S, Duwayri Y, et al. Smoking Cessation Is the Least Successful Outcome of Risk Factor Modiﬁcation in Uninsured Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015;29(1):42–49. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.09.014
Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund J-YC, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(25):2643–2653. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa052187
The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010;375(9733):2215–2222. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60484-9
Momsen AH, Jensen MB, Norager CB, Madsen MR, Vestersgaard-Andersen T, Lindholt JS. Drug Therapy for Improving Walking Distance in Intermittent Claudication: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Robust Randomised Controlled Studies. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009;38(4):463–474. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2009.06.002
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration, Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, Holland LE, Reith C, et al. Efﬁcacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376(9753):1670–1681. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61350-5
Fowkes FGR. Aspirin for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in a General Population Screened for a Low Ankle Brachial IndexA Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2010;303(9):841–848. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.221
Belch J, MacCuish A, Campbell I, Cobbe S, Taylor R, Prescott R, et al. The prevention of progression of arterial disease and diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease. BMJ. 2008;337(2):a1840. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1840
Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, Dahlöf B, Elmfeldt D, Julius S, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet. 1998;351(9118):1755–1762. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04311-6
Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL, et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(29):2315– 2381. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106
Российское общество ангиологов и сосудистых хирургов, Ассоциация сердечно- сосудистых хирургов России, Российское научное общество рентгенэндоваскулярных хирургов и интервенционных радиологов, Всероссийское научное общество кардиологов, Ассоциация флебологов России. Национальные рекомендации по ведению пациентов с заболеваниями артерий нижних конечностей. Москва; 2013;
Schaper NC, van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, Bus SA, Hinchliffe RJ, Lipsky BA, et al. IWGDF Guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease. 2019;
Mills JL, Conte MS, Armstrong DG, Pomposelli FB, Schanzer A, Sidawy AN, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classiﬁcation System: Risk stratiﬁcation based on Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI). J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(1):220-234.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.08.003
Management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC). Int Angiol. 2000;19(1 Suppl 1):1–304.
Collins R, Burch J, Cranny G, Aguiar-Ibáñez R, Craig D, Wright K, et al. Duplex ultrasonography, magnetic resonance angiography, and computed tomography angiography for diagnosis and assessment of symptomatic, lower limb peripheral arterial disease: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;334(7606):1257. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39217.473275.55
Dominguez A, Bahadorani J, Reeves R, Mahmud E, Patel M. Endovascular therapy for critical limb ischemia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2015;13(4):429–444. doi: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1019472
Manzi M, Palena L, Cester G. Endovascular techniques for limb salvage in diabetics with crural and pedal disease. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2011;52(4):485–492.
Belch JJF, Dormandy J. Results of the randomized, placebo-controlled clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid in bypass surgery for peripheral arterial disease (CASPAR) trial. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(4):825-833.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.04.027
Cacoub PP, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Topol EJ, Creager MA. Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. Eur Heart J. 2008;30(2):192–201. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn534
Guerin A, Nisenbaum R, Ray JG. Use of Maternal GHb Concentration to Estimate the Risk of Congenital Anomalies in the Offspring of Women with Prepregnancy Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(7):1920–1925. doi: 10.2337/dc07-0278
Charron-Prochownik D, Sereika SM, Becker D, White NH, Schmitt P, Powell AB, et al. Long- Term Effects of the Booster-Enhanced READY-Girls Preconception Counseling Program on Intentions and Behaviors for Family Planning in Teens With Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(12):3870–3874. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0355
Peterson C, Grosse SD, Li R, Sharma AJ, Razzaghi H, Herman WH, et al. Preventable health and cost burden of adverse birth outcomes associated with pregestational diabetes in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(1):74.e1-74.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.09.009
Wahabi HA, Alzeidan RA, Bawazeer GA, Alansari LA, Esmaeil SA. Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and fetal outcomes: a systematic review and meta- analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010;10(1):63. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-10-63
Ray JG, O’Brien TE, Chan WS. Preconception care and the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. QJM. 2001;94(8):435–444. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/94.8.435
Wahabi HA, Esmaeil SA, Fayed A, Al-Shaikh G, Alzeidan RA. Pre-existing diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5(1):496. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-496
Jensen DM, Korsholm L, Ovesen P, Beck-Nielsen H, Moelsted-Pedersen L, Westergaard JG, et al. Peri-Conceptional A1C and Risk of Serious Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in 933 Women With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(6):1046–1048. doi: 10.2337/dc08-2061
Nielsen GL, Moller M, Sorensen HT. HbA1c in Early Diabetic Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Danish population-based cohort study of 573 pregnancies in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(12):2612–2616. doi: 10.2337/dc06-0914
Suhonen L, Hiilesmaa V, Teramo K. Glycaemic control during early pregnancy and fetal malformations in women with Type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2000;43(1):79–82. doi: 10.1007/s001250050010
Maresh MJA, Holmes VA, Patterson CC, Young IS, Pearson DWM, Walker JD, et al. Glycemic Targets in the Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy for Women With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(1):34–42. doi: 10.2337/dc14-1755
Bullo M, Tschumi S, Bucher BS, Bianchetti MG, Simonetti GD. Pregnancy Outcome Following Exposure to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists. Hypertension. 2012;60(2):444–450. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.196352
Bateman BT, Hernandez-Diaz S, Fischer MA, Seely EW, Ecker JL, Franklin JM, et al. Statins and congenital malformations: cohort study. BMJ. 2015;350(10):h1035. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h1035
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Effect of pregnancy on microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(8):1084–1091. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.8.1084
Damm JA, Asbjornsdottir B, Callesen NF, Mathiesen JM, Ringholm L, Pedersen BW, et al. Diabetic Nephropathy and Microalbuminuria in Pregnant Women With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Prevalence, antihypertensive strategy, and pregnancy outcome. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3489–3494. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1031
Ringholm L, Damm JA, Vestgaard M, Damm P, Mathiesen ER. Diabetic Nephropathy in Women With Preexisting Diabetes: From Pregnancy Planning to Breastfeeding. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(2):12. doi: 10.1007/s11892-015-0705-3
Carr DB, Koontz GL, Gardella C, Holing E V, Brateng DA, Brown ZA, et al. Diabetic nephropathy in pregnancy: suboptimal hypertensive control associated with preterm delivery. Am J Hypertens. 2006;19(5):513–519. doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.12.010
Nevis IF, Reitsma A, Dominic A, McDonald S, Thabane L, Akl EA, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(11):2587–2598. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10841210
Manderson JG, Patterson CC, Hadden DR, Traub AI, Ennis C, McCance DR. Preprandial versus postprandial blood glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetic pregnancy: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(2):507–512. doi: 10.1067/S0002- 9378(03)00497-6
Jovanovic-Peterson L, Peterson CM, Reed GF, Metzger BE, Mills JL, Knopp RH, et al. Maternal postprandial glucose levels and infant birth weight: The Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;164(1):103–111. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90637-7
Feig DS, Donovan LE, Corcoy R, Murphy KE, Amiel SA, Hunt KF, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (CONCEPTT): a multicentre international randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;390(10110):2347–2359. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(17)32400-5
O’Neill SM, Kenny LC, Khashan AS, West HM, Smyth RM, Kearney PM. Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD011880. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011880.pub2
Farrar D, Tuffnell DJ, West J, West HM. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2016;(6):CD005542. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005542.pub3
Ho Y-R, Wang P, Lu M-C, Tseng S-T, Yang C-P, Yan Y-H. Associations of mid-pregnancy HbA1c with gestational diabetes and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in high-risk Taiwanese women. Spracklen CN, editor. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177563. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177563
Lowe LP, Metzger BE, Dyer AR, Lowe J, McCance DR, Lappin TRJ, et al. Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study: Associations of maternal A1C and glucose with pregnancy outcomes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(3):574–580. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1687
Inkster ME, Fahey TP, Donnan PT, Leese GP, Mires GJ, Murphy DJ. Poor glycated haemoglobin control and adverse pregnancy outcomes in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review of observational studies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2006;6(1):30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-6-30
McElvy SS, Miodovnik M, Rosenn B, Khoury JC, Siddiqi T, St. John Dignan P, et al. A focused preconceptional and early pregnancy program in women with Type 1 diabetes reduces perinatal mortality and malformation rates to general population levels. J Matern Fetal Med. 2000;9(1):14– 20. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6661(200001/02)9:1<14::AID-MFM5>3.0.CO;2-K
Murphy HR, Roland JM, Skinner TC, Simmons D, Gurnell E, Morrish NJ, et al. Effectiveness of a Regional Prepregnancy Care Program in Women With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Beneﬁts beyond glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(12):2514–2520. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1113
Elixhauser A, Weschler JM, Kitzmiller JL, Marks JS, Bennert HW, Coustan DR, et al. Cost- Beneﬁt Analysis of Preconception Care for Women With Established Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1993;16(8):1146–1157. doi: 10.2337/diacare.16.8.1146
Tieu J, Middleton P, Crowther CA, Shepherd E. Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and infant health. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2017;8:CD007776. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007776.pub3

Для продолжения работы требуется Регистрация

Предыдущая страница

Следующая страница

Приложение А3. Справочные материалы, включая соответствие показаний к применению и противопоказаний, способов применения и доз лекарственных препаратов, инструкции по применению лекарственного препарата

Приложение Б. Алгоритмы действий врача

Приложение В. Информация для пациента

Приложение Г1-ГN. Шкалы оценки, вопросники и другие оценочные инструменты состояния пациента, приведенные в клинических рекомендациях +

Данный блок поддерживает скрол*