27.1 Physiological excretion system
27.2 General characteristics of uropoiesis and uri nary excretion
27.3 Blood circulation in kidney
27.4 Classification of renal functions
27.5 Glomerular ultrafiltration
27.6 Tubular reabsorption
27.7 Tubular secretion
27.8 Osmotic concentration of urine
27.9 Osmotic dilution of urine
27.10 Amount and composition of final urine
27.11 Neurohumoral regulation of uropoiesis
27.12 Urinary excretion and urination
27.13 Nitrogen-releasing function of kidneys
27.14 Osmoregulation and volume-regulating functions of kidneys
27.15 Regulation of acid-base state
27.16 Incretion functions of kidneys
Profile materials Control questions Situational tasks
27.1. Physiological excretion system
The excretion system is a set of organs, whose interrelated activity maintains homeostasis with a constant ion composition, osmolality, pH, and fluid volume of the vascular, interstitial and intracellular compartments, the concentration of metabolism products in the body's internal environment.
Excretory functions of the respiratory system
Various substances are removed from the body with exhaled air: CO2, ammonia, acetone, ethanol, etc., and about 400 ml of water evaporates daily.
Tracheobronchial secretion contains degradation products of surfactant, urea, IgA, and others.
Excretory function of the digestive system
Salivary glands: secreting salts of heavy metals, drugs, potassium thiocyanate, etc.
Liver: secreting bilirubin, cholesterol, bile acids, hormone degradation products, urea, drugs, toxic chemicals, etc. into the intestine (as part of bile) and into the blood.
Stomach: gastric juice carries away products of metabolism (urea, uric acid), medicinal and toxic substances (mercury, iodine, salicylic acid, quinine).