14.1 General characteristics of coagulation and anticoagulation system
14.2 Factors of coagulation and anticoagu-lation system
14.3 Blood coagulation system
14.4 Anticoagulation blood system
14.5 Neurohumoral regulation of blood coagu la tion and anticoagulation
14.6 Study of hemostasis
14.7 Human blood types
14.8 Blood transfusion
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14.1. General characteristics of coagulation and anticoagulation system
The coagulation and anti-coagulation system is
a physiological system that provides for two opposing properties of blood: its liquid state and the ability of the blood to form a clot when the integrity of the vascular wall is impaired. It consists of: 1) the coagulant system of the blood, including vascular platelet hemostasis and coagulation hemostasis; 2) anti-coagulation system of the blood, including the system of anticoagulants and fibrinolysis (Fig. 14.1). Interaction of these two systems forms a hemostatic potential in the body.
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Fig. 14.1. Schematic representation of coagulation and anticoagulation system
Hemostatic potential (both general and local) is an indicator of the balance of the coagulation and anti-coagulation system. There are the following types of hemostatic potential: neutral, when the coagulation system is functionally balanced with anticoagulation, positive, when the coagulation system prevails (risk of thrombosis), and negative, when the anticoagulation system prevails (risk of bleeding).
14.2. Factors of coagulation and anticoagulation system
The main interrelated participants of blood coagulation and anticoagulation are the vascular wall, platelets, plasma factors, and other formed elements.
Role of the vascular wall. The endothelium of the vascular wall (total weight of about 2 kg) synthesizes and secretes both thrombogenic and antithrombogenic factors.