Questions to prepare for classes and examination
• The main stages of leukopoiesis and its regulation by humoral factors.
• Classification of disorders of white blood cells.
• Leukopenia: definition and causes.
• General mechanisms of leukopenia.
• Causes and mechanisms of a decreased leukocytes production.
• Causes and mechanisms of aqn increased peripheral destruction of leukocytes.
• Signs and consequenses of neutropenia.
• Leukocytosis: causes and mechanisms.
• Causes of increased production in the bone marrow, mobilization, and defective margination of neutrophils.
• Types of leukocytosis; patterns of shift to the left.
• Biological significance of leukocytosis.
• Types and mechanisms of abnormal neutrophil function.
• Leukemoid reactions: typical features, causes, mechanisms of development, physiological significance.
• Changes in the complete blood test with differential. Absolute and relative shifts in leukocytes count.
N 72
A 38-year-old male industrial worker visited his general practitioner. The patient was a victim of fire at his working place. During the accident he had received epidermal and partial thickness burns of the right side of the body (about 10% of the total body surface area). His condition was fair, the body temperature was 37.8 °C. On the fifth day the patient's condition deteriorated due to an intercurrent infection of the burnt wound. He developed signs of
marked purulent, exudative inflammation of the derma and subcutaneous tissue; his body temperature elevated to 40.2 °C. Blood tests were taken twice at different time points. The following results were obtained:
| | | Analysis A | | | Analysis B | |
| Hemoglobin | | | 125 g/L | | | 125 g/L | |
| Erythrocytes | | | 4.5x1012/L | | | 4.7x1012/L | |
| Reticulocytes | | | 0.5% | | | 0.8% | |
| Leukocytes: | | | 10.5x109/L | | | 16x109/L | |
| neutrophils | | | | | 1% | |
| myelocyte | | | 0 | | | 4% | |
| metamyelocyte | | | 0 | | | 14% | |
| band | | | 6% | | | 60% | |
| segmented | | | 68% | | | 0 | |
| Eosinophils | | | 2% | | | 0 | |
| Basophils | | | 0 | | | 16% | |
| Lymphocytes | | | 21% | | | 5% | |
| Monocytes | | | 3% | | | |