10.1. Introduction
Traumatic injuries can happen not only as a result of natural or technological emergencies, but also in everyday life. Thereby two categories of injuries can be identified: occupational injury (industrial, agricultural) — the injury obtained at work-time, and non-occupational type including household injury, street injury, sport injury, pediatric (school, preschool) injury. About 93% of all adult traumas are not associated with work, meanwhile, the frequency of non-occupational injuries amounts to 50–68%, street traumas keep the second place being identified in 19–23% of all cases. Non-occupational trauma involves accidents befalling at home, smallholding, personal garage, or at leisure time etc.
The traumas obtained at cooking, housekeeping and repair, climbing and descending the ladders etc are the most common for the urban population. Rural non-occupational traumatism can relate to the same causes though adding the accidents occurring in course of firewood stockpiling and burning wood in а furnace, construction of the sheds, fences, roofs, feeding the livestock, or caused by bites of venomous insects and reptiles. This way, the most common rural injuries include wounds, contusions, falls from the height, burns and poisoning with household and agricultural chemicals, alcohol and food. That is why everyday life needs the same alertness about possible accidents and requires thorough obedience to the safety rules, which must be facilitated by all necessary equipment and knowledge necessary for first aid giving in case non-occupational trauma occurs.
The following chapter refers to the first aid algorithms acceptable for the most common non-occupational injuries.