Procedure for studying and examples of description of microproducts

1. Visual examination of the preparation to determine the structures visible to the naked eye, including various layers and foci for subsequent microscopic exa­mi­nation.
2. Examination of the preparation under a low magnification microscope (10× lens) to determine the staining method, type of tissue, organ, and the nature of structural changes.
3. Examination of the preparation under high magnification (20×, 40× lenses) to clarify the morphological details of altered structures (intracellular organelles, inclusions, etc.).

Example 1.

Granular degeneration of the epithelium of renal tubules. Stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The magnification is high (400×). Epithelial cells, mainly proximal tubules (1), are enlarged, swollen, and contain many small granules, the formation of which is the result of ultrastructural changes: hyperplasia and swelling of cytoplasmic organelles. The glomerulus is intact (2)

Example 2.

Sago amyloidosis of the spleen. Van Gieson staining. The magnification is low (100×). Amyloid in the form of yellow-brown homogeneous acellular masses is found exclusively in follicles (1). The red pulp is not affected (2)

Example 3.

Croupous pneumonia in the stage of grey hepatization. Van Gieson staining. The magnification is low (100×). The lumen of all alveoli in the field of view is filled with exudate from neutrophils, macrophages, individual erythrocytes, and fibrin threads invading the interalveolar pores

Example 4.

Tuberculous granuloma. Hematoxylin and eosin staining. The magnification is low (100×). A focus of caseous necrosis (1), surrounded by epithelioid cells (2), among which are giant multinucleated Langhans cells (3) is observed in the center, while along the periphery, a shaft of lymphocytes (4) can be seen