It is a group of diagnostic methods, which is based on biochemical and biological methods for determining abnormalities in the composition of tissues and biological fluids of a patient. Laboratory investigation is of great importance for diagnosing, controlling the nature of the course of the disease, the effectiveness of treatment and assessing the state of the organism.
The most common laboratory investigations are:
- GENERAL blood analysis. - Biochemical examination. - Analysis of urine.
- Feces test.
- Examination of sputum.
- Cytological examination.
Types of laboratory research
- Clinical tests, which are used to determine the physical properties of biological materials and microscopy. For example: general blood analysis, general urine analysis, feces analysis for helminth eggs.
- Biochemical tests, which are used to determine the chemical properties of biological materials. For example: biochemical analysis of urine, biochemical analysis of blood.
- Bacteriological tests, which are used to detect microbial composition and identification of microflora. For example: bacteriological analysis of urine, bacteriological analysis of feces.
- Immunological studies, which are conducted by markers to some infectious agents, as well as to natural antibodies to widely known bacteria and viruses. For example: blood test for hepatitis, HIV blood test.
- Medical test. It is a kind of medical procedure, performed to detect, diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes, susceptibility, and determine the course of treatment.
Clinical urine tests
The urinalysis involves the collection of urine sample in a specimen cup. The proper collection of a sample is very important in order to avoid contamination of urine.