6.1. CLASSIFICATION, ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
Odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the MFR are the infectious and inflammatory processes which arise due to the introduction of pathogenic microflora through the destroyed dental tissues or the marginal periodontium and into the underlying tissues, including infection during surgical interventions and injuries. The term “odontogenic inflammatory diseases” is complex and includes a number of clinically well-defined forms of diseases (e.g. periodontitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, abscess and phlegmon, lymphadenitis, odontogenic maxillary sinusitis), but they can also be considered as manifestations of a single odontogenic infectious process which takes place dynamically.
Key concepts - Periodontal ligament is a complex of connective tissue bundles located between the bone alveolus and cementum (in other words, between the tooth and the ligaments on which it is mobile).
- With the death of the neurovascular bundle inside the tooth, the infection goes through the apex right into the periodontal ligaments.
- Periodontium is a complex of tissues that surround a tooth, hold it in the alveolus and have a common origin and function. It includes the gums, periodontal ligaments, cementum, the alveolar ridge and the alveolar part of the jaws.
- If there is a large amount of plaque and tartar around a tooth crown, inflammation of the gums begins, followed by its transition to the bone and its subsequent destruction, after which the teeth loosen and fall out.
Such a disease is called periodontitis. In the Russian Federation academic school, “periodontium” (periodont) is the periodontal ligament and “parodontium” (parodont, parodentium) is the complex of tissues surrounding a tooth. Thus, there are two different diseases in the Russian classifications ― “periodontitis” and “parodontitis”. In the English-language literature, the terms “apical periodontitis” and “periodontitis” are often used, which respectively correspond to the periodontal ligament and periodontium (the tissues’ complex) inflammations. |