Остеология (наука о костях)          

Рис. 5. Скелет человека, вид спереди:

1 – Frontal bone; 2 – Orbit; 3 – Maxilla; 4 – Mandible; 5 – Clavicle; 6 — Scapula; 7 – Humerus; 8 – Arm; 9 – Sacrum [sacral vertebrae SI–SV]; 10 – Ulna; 11 – Radius; 12 – Forearm; 13 – Coccyx [coccygeal vertebrae CoI–CoIV]; 14 – Carpal bones; 15 – Metacarpals [I–V]; 16 – Phalanges; 17 – Hand; 18 – Patella; 19 – Tibial tubero­sity; 20 – Fibula; 21 – Tibia; 22 – Talus; 23 – Navicular; 24 – Cuneiform bone; 25 – Cuboid; 26 – Metatarsal [I]; 27 – Proximal phalanx; 28 – Middle phalanx; 29 – Distal phalanx; 30 – Phalanges; 31 – Metatarsals [I–V]; 32 – Tarsal bones; 33 = 30 + 31 + 32 – Foot; 34 – Leg; 35 – Femur; Thigh bone; 36 – Pubis; 37 – Pubic symphysis; 38 – Thigh; 39 – Ischi­um; 40 – Ilium; 41 – Xiphoid process; 42 – Body of sternum; 43 – Manubrium of sternum; 44 – Greater tubercle; 45 – Lesser tubercle; 46 – Acromion; 47 – Coracoid process

Рис. 6. Скелет человека, вид сзади:

1 – Atlas [CI]; 2 – Axis [CII]; 3 – Scapula; 4 – Spine of scapula; 5 – Acromion; 6 – Humerus; 7 – Iliac crest; 8 – Olecranon; 9 – Head of radius; 10 – Acetabulum; 11 – Ulna; 12 – Radius; 13 – Ulnar styloid process; 14 – Pisiform; 15 – Head of femur; 16 – Sacrum [sacral vertebrae SI–SV]; 17 – Linea aspera; 18 – Medial condyle; 19 – Lateral condyle; 20 – Head of fibula; 21 – Head of tibia; 22 – Medial malleolus; 23 – Lateral malleolus; 24 – Talus; 25 – Calcaneus; 26 – Tibia; 27 – Fibula; 28 – Lesser trochanter; 29 – Neck of femur; 30 – Greater trochanter; 31 – Hamate; 32 – Triquetrum; 33 – Capitate; 34 – Trapezoid; 35 – Trapezium; 36 – Scaphoid; 37 – Lunate; 38 – Vertebral co­lumn; 39 – Head of humerus; 40 – Occipital bone; 41 – Parietal bone

Рис. 7. Позвоночный столб (А – вид спереди, Б – вид сзади):

1 – Anterior sacral foramina; 2 – Coccyx [coccygeal vertebrae CoI–CoIV]; 3 – Sacrum [sacral vertebrae SI–SV]; 4 – Posterior sacral forami­na; 5 – Lumbar vertebrae [LI–LV]; 6 – Transverse process; 7 – Thoracic vertebrae [ТhI–ТhXII]; 8 – Spinous process; 9 – Cervical vertebrae [CI–СVII]; 10 – Axis [CII]; 11 – Atlas [CI]

Рис. 8. Позвоночный столб, вид сбоку, слева:

1 – Atlas [CI]; 2 – Axis [CII]; 3 – Vertebra prominens [CVII]; 4 – Superior costal facet; 5 – Inferior costal facet; 6 – Transverse costal facet; 7 – Superior articular process; 8 – Inferior articular process; 9 – Intervertebral foramen; 10 – Intervertebral disc; 11 – Promontory; 12 – Auricular surface

Рис. 9. Первый шейный позвонок, атлант [CI] (А – вид сверху, Б – вид снизу, В – вид спереди, Г – вид сбоку, слева):

1 – Anterior tubercle; 2 – Facet for dens; 3 – Superior articular surface; 4 – Posterior arch; 5 – Posterior tubercle; 6 – Lateral mass; 7 – Groove for vertebral artery; 8 – Foramen transversarium; 9 – Transverse process; 10 – Anterior arch; 11 – Inferior articular surface

Рис. 10. Второй шейный позвонок, осевой [CII] (А – вид сверху, Б – вид спереди, В – вид сбоку, слева, Г – вид сзади):

1 – Anterior articular facet; 2 – Superior articular surface; 3 – Transverse process; 4 – Dens axis [CII]; 5 – Vertebral foramen; 6 – Spinous process; 7 – Vertebral arch; 8 – Inferior articular process; 9 – Foramen transversarium; 10 – Vertebral body; 11 – Posterior articular facet; 12 – Apex of dens

Рис. 11. Четвертый шейный позвонок [CIV] (А – вид сверху, Б – вид спереди, В – вид сбоку, слева):

1 – Vertebral body; 2 – Groove for spinal nerve; 3 – Pedicle of vertebral arch; 4 – Lamina of vertebral arch; 5 – Vertebral foramen; 6 – Spinous process; 7 – Vertebral arch; 8 – Superior articular facet; 9 – Posterior tubercle; 10 – Foramen transversarium; 11 – Anterior tubercle; 12 – Inferior articular facet; 13 – Uncus of body; Uncinate process; 14 – Superior articular process; 15 – Transverse process; 16 – Inferior articular process

Рис. 12. Седьмой шейный позвонок [СVII] (А – вид сверху, Б – вид спереди, В – вид сбоку, слева):

1 – Vertebral body; 2 – Groove for spinal nerve; 3 – Foramen transversarium; 4 – Inferior articular process; 5 – Vertebral foramen; 6 – Lamina of vertebral arch; 7 – Spinous process; 8 – Uncus of body; Uncinate process; 9 – Anterior tubercle; 10 – Superior articular facet; 11 – Transverse process; 12 – Superior articular process; 13 – Inferior articular facet

Рис. 13. Шейный отдел позвоночного столба, вид сбоку, слева: