10.1. POSTURAL DISORDERS
10.1.1. Normal posture
Posture - a customary position of the body of a person standing spontaneously, which is formed in the process of physical development of the child and the development of static-dynamic functions. A posture is not something stiff but something living and individual. It changes depending on the dimensions of the body, strength of muscles, mood, and habits of the person. A person can be identified by posture and often by the silhouette. Renowned orthopedists of the 19th century (Schade, Beller, et al.) defined a posture as a stopped motion, i.e., They believed that posture is an active impact on the organism.
To preserve the body symmetry in the standing position, the known muscular tone is required; besides, passive elastic structures - ligament-capsular apparatus of joints - are acting. On the biomechanical analysis of internal forces, distinguished are:
• spinous and dihedral intervertebral abarticulations and respective ligaments - ligg. flava, intertransversarii, supraspinosi et intraspinosi;
• a system of the anterior segment of the spine formed by the vertebral bodies and the ligaments connecting them together to the intervertebral disks.
The core feature of a normal spine is the ability for quick and complete return from asymmetric position to full symmetry. A normal posture has five signs:
• location of the spinous processes of vertebral bodies along the gravity vertical lowered down from the eminence of the occipital bone and running along the intergluteal crease;
• arrangement of shoulder supports at one level;
• arrangement of the corners of both scapulae at one level;
• equal triangles of the waist (on the right and on the left) formed by the trunk and arms freely lowered;