6.1. CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGIC SUBSTANTIATION FOR
APPLICATION OF MEANS FOR REHABILITATIONS ON DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND METABOLIC
DISORDERS
Among the most widespread diseases in persons of employable age are chronic diseases of the digestive system. Currently, there has been observed a persistent trend towards their further growth and incidence. Diseases of the digestive system in Russia take the 3rd place in the structure of overall incidence, with 37% of patients suffering from this pathology and who sought medical attention being persons of employable age.
At all the stages of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with diseases of the digestive system and metabolic disorders, differentiated pathogenetical-ly substantiated use of therapeutic exercises and physical factors ensures an increase in the efficacy of treatment, as well as promotes restoration of the working capability and its maintenance at the required level.
6.1.1. Physiological mechanisms of the effect of physical exercises on the organism on diseases of the digestive system
The effect of physical exercises on the activity of the digestive system is considered as a result of reflectory interaction of the motive and visceral analyzers. The impact is implemented by means of the motor-visceral reflexes through motions with the participation of the skeletal muscles having a common segmental innervation with digestive organs - trapezoid, infraspinatus,
teres major muscle straightening the backbone, rectus abdominis muscle, the broadest muscle of the back, diaphragm, intercostal, suprailiac, piriform, tric-ipital of the shin, extensors, and flexors of fingers on feet, and small muscles of feet (Fig. 6.1, 6.2). Physical exercises of various intensity through afferent pro-prioceptive impulsion from working muscles change the tone of nerve centers of the brain, including the feeding center. Efferent influences of these centers normalize the activity of the digestive system.