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Chapter 1. PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BIOETHICS

Who moves forward in the Sciences, but lags behind in morals, that goes back more than forward.

Aristotle

If there exists a science truly necessary to a man, that is philosophy, which teaches how to be a Man.

I. Kant

Man being condemned to be free carries the weight of the whole world on his shoulders; he is responsible for the world and for himself as a way of being.

Jean-Paul Sartre

PHILOSOPHY AS VALUE JUDGMENT KNOWLEDGE

Philosophy as a medium represents the supreme form of human spiritual existence. It is presently regarded as the systematic, critical evaluation of knowledge concerning nature, society, and the man itself, as a study of the method for implementing the process of humanitarian thought, evaluating and putting it into practice for the purpose of gaining wisdom, more profound recognition of self, and thus achieving self-improvement. Today, as ever before, there exist various definitions of philosophy and interpretations of what it represents in the life and activities of people, what constitutes its intellectual and moral value. Whatever may be said concerning the role and significance of philosophy, it connects metaphysical, gnoseological studies with ethical theory in an extensive unified system.

It is common for laymen to expect profound truths and revelations from philosophy. That is why, it is commonly regarded as an activity for out-of-ordinary persons. Sometimes, philosophical practice is presented as useless meditations on something unclear and estranged from everyday human life. Philosophy, as its role and significance of the culture is commonly generally accepted, deals with the integrity of existence, and such aspects and depths

of human being and consciousness that are not discovered exclusively through scientific investigation. Today, philosophy became the theory of human salvation, of surviving as a personality and remaining human in all circumstances. This includes preserving human dignity facing the major contemporary problems that arose as the result of scientific and creative understanding of the world, its scientific and technological transformation, and also the dramatic, frequently tragic social upheavals, cultural cataclysms, and, finally, facing the inevitability of death.

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