Goal: to get a notion about the main methods of care of the seriously ill patients, terminal states, resuscitating actions, biological death verification; to master skills.
Knowledge objectives:
► to know peculiarities of care of seriously ill patients, peculiarities of observation over their activities of daily living (ADL); methods of resuscitation; rules of a cadaver treating.
Skill objectives:
► to develop skills of bedsore prevention, care of an oral cavity, performing of mouth to mouth and mouth to nose artificial ventilation, closed cardiac massage.
Subject-matter:
1. Peculiarities of taking care of patients in serious and critical condition.
2. Conception of resuscitation and work of intensive care unit.
3. Care of skin and bedsore prevention.
4. First pre-medical aid for seriously ill and agonizing patients.
5. Rules of a cadaver treating.
Equipment required: a moulage, Ambu apparatus (Ambu resuscitator), oral and nasal artificial airways, disinfectant liquid, a bedpan, an under-laying rubber circle, a container for collecting of urine, forceps, a clamp, droppers, a Janet's syringe, rubber sterile gloves, a mask, gauze, cotton tampons, a towel, an oil-cloth bedding.
Diseases of various organs and systems may lead to a patient's serious condition. Various positions of a patient are marked. Patients in satisfactory condition are known to take an active position, when free movements are easily
performed. To relieve his sufferings, a patient takes a forced position. A vivid example is a patient's sitting position with lowered legs in cardiac dyspnea. In such position, blood redistribution with its deposition in the lower extremities and decrease of congestion in the pulmonary circulation occur, leading to dyspnea weakening. In an unconscious state or acute weakness, when active movements are impossible, the position of a patient is passive.