Chapter 5. SPECIFICS OF TRAUMATOLOGIC PATIENT NURSING

5.1.1. Classification of injuries

Usually, the term "trauma" means the impact on the body as a whole or any part of it primarily of mechanical or thermal factors, under the action of which any anatomical or functional disorders occur in the tissues, accompanied by a local and general reaction.

1. Non-occupational injuries:

• transport (rail, road);

• traumas acquired during pedestrian traffic;

• household;

• sport.

2. Occupational injuries (industrial, farming).

3. Inflicted injury.

Fracture (fractura) is a disorder of the integrity of the bone that occurs under the influence of external force (traumatic) or with changes in bone tissue due to a tumour disease, osteomyelitis (pathological)

Fractures classification

1. By origin, fractures are divided into congenital (intrauterine) and acquired. The cause of congenital fractures, which are often multiple, are pathological changes in the bones of the fetus or trauma of the maternal abdomen. Acquired fractures are divided into two groups: traumatic and pathologic. Pathological fractures are caused by the changes in the bone under the influence of a tumour, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis,

echinococcosis, syphilis of the bones. Obstetric fractures that occur at the birth of the fetus are distinguished.

2. Complicated and uncomplicated fractures are distinguished depending on the damage of various organs and tissues. Complicated include open fractures when the skin or mucous membranes are damaged at the fracture site, which creates the conditions for penetration of microbes through the wound and development of inflammation in the fracture area. Complicated fractures also include damage to large vessels, nerves and internal organs. At closed fractures, damage to the skin and mucous membranes do not occur.