Goals of the class: to get a notion about the main pathological symptoms and methods of the first premedical aid in the respiratory diseases; to master skills.
Objective of the class:
► to know the basis of human physiology of the respiratory system, the main symptoms of respiratory diseases and pathogenesis of their origin, rules of sputum collection, care pecularities of patients with respiratory diseases, rules of pleurocentesis performance;
► to master the methods of observation of respiration, oxygenotherapy and safety measures working with oxygen, first premedical aid for patients with the symptoms of respiratory diseases.
The subject matter of the class:
1) human physiology of the respiratory system, types of breathing in the norm;
2) the main symptoms of the respiratory diseases and the fundamentals of the general care of patients in their development.
Equipment required: tables, stopwatches, oxygen pillows, nasal catheters, spittoons with a lid, Petri dishes, ice bags, gauze napkins, 10 ml - syringes with thick pleurocentesal needle, pocket inhaler, test tubes. Place: a study room, a ward, an intensive care ward.
The respiratory diseases are met more often nowadays. The main function of the respiratory organs is gas exchange. Besides, respiratory organs participate in metabolism, acid-base equilibrium, defence reactions, blood circulation, thermoregulation and sound production. Correct care of patients with respiratory impairment is a guarantee, both of successful treatment of the respiratory diseases, and the normal functioning of a human organism on the whole.
Respiration is a process of oxygen getting into the body and carbon dioxide and water steam withdrawal. Respiration is regulated by a respiratory centre, which is located in the medulla oblongata. A direct irritant of the respiratory centre is an elevated level of carbonic acid and acid valences in the blood as a whole.