Questions to study.
1. Biochemical functions of the blood: osmotic, buffer, transport and regulatory function.
2. Blood proteins and their characteristics. Acute phase proteins and their significance.
3. Blood enzymes: their classification and biological significance. Indicator enzymes and their role in diagnostics.
4. Common characteristics of non-protein nitrogen containing compounds of the blood.
5. Role of the blood in the transport of gases in human body. Hemoglobin: its structure, properties, participation in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Forms of hemoglobin. Pathologic forms of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin-opathy.
6. Metabolism of iron in human body, its regulation and disorders.
7. Blood clotting system. Anticoagulants and fibrinolysis. Disorders of blood clotting.
8. Role of kidneys in maintenance of homeostasis. Mechanism of urine production.
9. Role of kidneys in the regulation of metabolism and maintenance of water-salt balance in the body.
10. Characteristics of main components of healthy human urine. Chemical composition of urine. Pathological components of urine.
11. Biochemical functions of the liver.
12. Role of the liver in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Stages of xenobiotic metabolism. Microsomal oxidation.
13. Role of the liver in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
14. Role of the liver in pigment metabolism. Disturbance of pigment metabolism. Jaundice.
15. Bile: its chemical composition and significance. Synthesis of bile acids and its regulation. Cholelithiasis and principles of its treatment and prevention.
16. Principles of biochemical diagnostics of liver and biliary tract disorders.
17. Free radical processes in human body and their role in disease development. Antioxidant defence systems.