I. Which of the following intrinsic and extrinsic factors may stimulate cell division?
1. Increased production of cAMP.
2. A decrease in surface tension of the plasma membrane.
3. Increased production of cGMP.
4. Growth factors.
5. A decrease in osmotic pressure.
6. Accumulation of AMP.
7. An increase in the rest potential.
II. Benign neoplasms are characterized by the following features:
1. Well differentiated cells.
2. Undifferentiated cells.
3. The presence of pleomorphism.
4. High mitotic activity of tumor cells.
5. Low rate of growth.
6. Progressive infiltration and invasion of surrounding tissues.
7. Ability to metastases.
III. Malignant neoplasms are characterized by the following features:
1. Well differentiated cells.
2. Undifferentiated cells.
3. The presence of pleomorphism.
4. High mitotic activity of tumor cells.
5. High rate of growth.
6. Low rate of growth.
7. Progressive infiltration and invasion of surrounding tissues.
8. The ability to form metastases.
IV. Which of the following changes in the immune system occur in patients with malignant neoplasms?
1. Increased phagocytic activity of neutrophils.
2. Increased production of Th-cells.
3. Development of pathological immune tolerance.
4. Development of immunodeficiency.
5. Increased production of supressor T-cells.
6. Increased complement content in the blood.
V. What is the promoter of carcinogenesis?
1. Carcinogen acting together with another carcinogen.
2. RNA-oncovirus acting together with another carcinogen.
3. Factor which is noncarcinogenic itself but enhances the effect of a true carcinogen.
VI. Which of the following factors have a direct carcinogenic effect?
1. Alkylating agents.
2. Polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.