I. Which of the following pathological conditions are accompanied by elevated PaCO2?
1. Diabetes mellitus.
2. Cardiac insufficiency.
3. Respiratory insufficiency.
4. Vomiting.
5. Diarrhea.
6. Lung arteriolar-venous bypass.
II. Select the pair with which respiratory acidosis is associated.
1. Increased [HCO3-] and normal PaCO2.
2. Increased [HCO3-] and increased PaCO2.
3. Decreased [HCO3-] and decreased PaCO2.
4. Increased [HCO3-] and decreased PaCO2.
5. Decreased [HCO3-] and normal PaCO2.
III. Compared to normal the urinary excretion of acids in metabolic acidosis is best characterized by the following patterns:
1. Increased [HCO3-], increased NH4+, increased titratible acid.
2. Decreased [HCO3-], increased NH4+, decreased titratible acid.
3. Decreased [HCO3-], increased NH4+, increased titratible acid.
4. Decreased [HCO3-], decreased NH4+, increased titratible acid.
5. Decreased [HCO3-], decreased NH4+, decreased titratible acid.
IV. Normal value of the ratio of [HCO3-] to dissolved CO2 in arterial blood is:
1. 5:1.
2. 10:1.
3. 20:1.
4. 30:1.
V. What data are most probable in a patient who suffered from severe diarrhea for about 1.5 hours?
1. pH=7.32, PaCO2=32 mm Hg, enhanced titrable acidity, increased NH4+ excretion.
2. pH=7.42, PaCO2=46, normal titrable acidity, normal NH4+ excretion.
3. pH=7.50, PaCO2=32, decreased titrable acidity, decreased NH4+ excretion.
VI. The arterial pH is 7,25 and the arterial CO2 tension is 40 mm Hg. This acid-base status is most likely to be:
1. Nonrespiratory acidosis with respiratory compensation.
2. Respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation.
3. Nonrespiratory acidosis without respiratory compensation.