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Chapter VII. PREOPERATIVE PERIOD

The preoperative period encompasses the time between the patient's admission to the hospital and start of the operation.

The duration of the period may vary with a number of factors, such as

•  type of disease;

•  severity of the patient's condition;

•  nature of the surgery.

The main purposes of the preoperative period are as follows:

1) to define the problem (i.e. to make the diagnosis);

2) to identify other conditions that may influence anaesthesia or surgery (i.e. to determine the indications and contra-indications, urgency and type of operation to be performed);

3) to prepare the patient for the operation (to minimise the risk associated with the surgery and that of postoperative complications):

•  to evaluate the functions of all body systems (including the operative site) and thus to prevent their deterioration;

•  to identify and, whenever necessary, eradicate endogenous infection;

•  to prepare the patient psychologically;

•  to choose and provide the patient with appropriate anaesthesia.

Depending on the urgency operations are classified as:

1. Emergency operations should be performed either immediately or within several hours after the patient's admission to the surgical unit.

2. Urgent operations are to be undertaken within a few days after admission.

3. Elective operations are those that have been previously scheduled.

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