I. Alveolar hyperventilation may be observed in the following conditions:
1. Mild and moderate hypoxia.
2. Congestive heart failure.
3. Hepatic failure.
4. Severe cerebrovascular insufficiency.
5. Sepsis.
6. Asthma.
II. Alveolar hyperventilation may result in the following consequences:
1. Respiratory acidosis.
2. Arterial hypoxemia.
3. Hypophosphatemia.
4. Decreased free serum calcium.
5. Respiratory alkalosis.
6. Hypernatremia.
7. Lactate acidosis.
III. Which of the following disorders are obstructive?
1. Emphysema.
2. Chronic bronchitis.
3. Bronchiectasis.
4. Asthma.
5. Compression or obturation of the respiratiry tract.
6. Sarcoidosis.
7. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
8. Pneumoconiosis
IV. Which of the following disorders are restrictive?
1. Emphysema.
2. Chronic bronchitis.
3. Bronchoectasis.
4. Drug-induced interstitial lung diseases.
5. Radiation-induced interstitial lung diseases.
6. Compression or obturation of the air pathways.
7. Sarcoidosis.
8. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
V. Alveolar oxygen pressure can be reduced by:
1. Decreasing the radial traction exerted by lung tissue.
2. Administrating a beta-adrenergic blocking drug.
3. Fatigue of the respiratory muscles.
4. Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space and alveoli.
5. Increasing pulmonary vascular resistance.
6. Lesion of brainstem respiratory neurons.
7. Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity.
8. Decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance.
VI. Which of the following disorders are extraparenchymal restrictive ones?
1. Poliomyelitis.
2. Peripheral neuropathy.
3. Pleural diseases.
4. Obesity.
5. Asthma.
6. Drugor radiation-induced interstitial lung diseases.
7. Sarcoidosis.