Поиск
Озвучить текст Озвучить книгу
Изменить режим чтения
Изменить размер шрифта
Оглавление
Для озвучивания и цитирования книги перейдите в режим постраничного просмотра.

Список литературы

  1. World Health Organization, International Diabetes Federation. Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia. Report of a WHO/IDF consultation. Geneva; 2006;
  2. World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications : report of a WHO consultation. Part 1, Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva; 1999;
  3. Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ, Майоров АЮ, Викулова ОК, Галстян ГР, Кураева ТЛ, et al. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом / Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова. – 9-й выпуск. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2019;22(1S). doi: 10.14341/DM221S1
  4. Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ. Сахарный диабет типа 2: от теории к практике. МИА; 2016; 576 p.
  5. Schwartz SS, Epstein S, Corkey BE, Grant SFA, Gavin JR, Aguilar RB. The Time Is Right for a New Classification System for Diabetes: Rationale and Implications of the β-Cell–Centric Classification Schema. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(2):179–186. doi: 10.2337/dc15-1585
  6. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 8th ed. Brussels: IDF; 2017; 148 p.
  7. Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ, Галстян ГР. Распространенность сахарного диабета 2 типа у взрослого населения России (исследование NATION). Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2016;19(2):104–112. doi: 10.14341/DM2004116-17
  8. World Health Organization. Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy. Geneva; 2013;
  9. American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S13–S28. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S002
  10. World Health Organization, International Diabetes Federation. Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intermediate Hyperglycemia [Internet]. Geneva; 2006; 50 p.
  11. World Health Organization. Use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: abbreviated report of a WHO consultation. Geneva; 2011;
  12. Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ. Сахарный диабет: диагностика, лечение, профилактика. Москва: МИА; 2011; 808 p.
  13. Umpierrez G, Korytkowski M. Diabetic emergencies — ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016;12(4):222–232. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.15
  14. American Diabetes Association. 4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S34–S45. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S004
  15. National Kidney Foundation. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl [Internet]. 2013;3(1):1–150.
  16. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Ophthalmol (Chicago, Ill 1960). 1984;102(4):527–532.
  17. Klein R. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107(2):244–249. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010250031
  18. American Diabetes Association. 11. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S124–S138. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S011
  19. Boulton AJM, Malik RA, Arezzo JC, Sosenko JM. Diabetic Somatic Neuropathies. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(6):1458–1486. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.6.1458
  20. England JD, Gronseth GS, Franklin G, Miller RG, Asbury AK, Carter GT, et al. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy: A definition for clinical research: Report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Neurology. 2005;64(2):199–207. doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000149522.32823.EA
  21. Hingorani A, LaMuraglia GM, Henke P, Meissner MH, Loretz L, Zinszer KM, et al. The management of diabetic foot: A clinical practice guideline by the Society for Vascular Surgery in collaboration with the American Podiatric Medical Association and the Society for Vascular Medicine. J Vasc Surg. 2016;63(2):3S-21S. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.10.003
  22. Hart T, Milner R, Cifu A. Management of a Diabetic Foot. JAMA. 2017;318(14):1387–1388. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.11700
  23. González-Lao E, Corte Z, Simón M, Ricós C, Coskun A, Braga F, et al. Systematic review of the biological variation data for diabetes related analytes. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;488:61–67. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.031
  24. Leighton E, Sainsbury CA, Jones GC. A Practical Review of C-Peptide Testing in Diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2017;8(3):475–487. doi: 10.1007/s13300-017-0265-4
  25. Силко ЮВ, Никонова ТВ, Иванова ОН, Степанова СМ, Шестакова МВ, Дедов ИИ. Латентный аутоиммунный диабет взрослых: информативность аутоантител. Терапевтический архив (архив до 2018 г) [Internet]. 2016;88(10):42–45. doi: 10.17116/terarkh2016881042-45
  26. Sosenko JM, Skyler JS, Palmer JP, Krischer JP, Yu L, Mahon J, et al. The prediction of type 1 diabetes by multiple autoantibody levels and their incorporation into an autoantibody risk score in relatives of type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(9):2615–2620. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0425
  27. Shields BM, Hicks S, Shepherd MH, Colclough K, Hattersley AT, Ellard S. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): how many cases are we missing? Diabetologia. 2010;53(12):2504– 2508. doi: 10.1007/s00125-010-1799-4
  28. Shepherd M, Sparkes AC, Hattersley AT. Genetic testing in maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY): a new challenge for the diabetic clinic. Pract Diabetes Int. 2001;18(1):16–21. doi: 10.1002/pdi.108
  29. Kapoor D, Aldred H, Clark S, Channer KS, Jones TH. Clinical and Biochemical Assessment of Hypogonadism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes: Correlations with bioavailable testosterone and visceral adiposity. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(4):911–917. doi: 10.2337/dc06-1426
  30. Tajar A, Huhtaniemi IT, O’Neill TW, Finn JD, Pye SR, Lee DM, et al. Characteristics of Androgen Deficiency in Late-Onset Hypogonadism: Results from the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(5):1508–1516. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2513
  31. Brand JS, Rovers MM, Yeap BB, Schneider HJ, Tuomainen T-P, Haring R, et al. Testosterone, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and the Metabolic Syndrome in Men: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Cignarella A, editor. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e100409. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100409
  32. EAU Guidelines. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress London 2017.
  33. Дедов ИИ, Мельниченко ГА, Шестакова МВ, Роживанов РВ, Терехова АЛ, Зилов АВ, et al. Рекомендации по диагностике и лечению дефицита тестостерона (гипогонадизма) у мужчинс сахарным диабетом. Ожирение и метаболизм [Internet]. 2017;14(4):83–92. doi: 10.14341/DM9944
  34. Gæde P, Oellgaard J, Carstensen B, Rossing P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving H-H, et al. Years of life gained by multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: 21 years follow-up on the Steno-2 randomised trial. Diabetologia. 2016;59(11):2298–2307. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-4065-6
  35. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352(9131):854–865.
  36. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837–853.
  37. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group, Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, Goff DC, Bigger JT, et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2545–2559. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802743
  38. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, Reda D, Emanuele N, Reaven PD, et al. Glucose Control and Vascular Complications in Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(2):129–139. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808431
  39. ADVANCE Collaborative Group, Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2560–2572. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802987
  40. Skyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO, Buse J, Deedwania P, Gale EAM, et al. Intensive Glycemic Control and the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: Implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA Diabetes Trials: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a scientific statement of the American College of Cardiology. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(1):187–192. doi: 10.2337/dc08-9026
  41. Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ, Аметов АС, Анциферов МБ, Галстян ГР, Майоров АЮ, et al. Консенсус совета экспертов Российской ассоциации эндокринологов по инициации и интенсификации сахароснижающей терапии у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2011;14(4):6–17. doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5810
  42. Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2012;55(6):1577–1596. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2534-0
  43. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-On (ACCORDION) Eye Study Group and the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-On (ACCORDION) Study Group. Persistent Effects of Intensive Glycemic Control on Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Follow-On Study. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(7):1089–1100. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0024
  44. Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, Zheng H, Schoenfeld D, Heine RJ. Translating the A1C Assay Into Estimated Average Glucose Values. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(8):1473–1478. doi: 10.2337/dc08- 0545
  45. Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, Hitman GA, Neil HAW, Livingstone SJ, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;364(9435):685–696. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16895-5
  46. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaborators, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Collins R, Keech A, Simes J, et al. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2008;371(9607):117–125. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60104-X
  47. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C, et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005;366(9493):1267–1278. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(05)67394-1
  48. Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H, et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(39):2999–3058. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw272
  49. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):e285–e350. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003
  50. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration, Fulcher J, O’Connell R, Voysey M, Emberson J, Blackwell L, et al. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;385(9976):1397–1405. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61368-4
  51. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration, Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, Holland LE, Reith C, et al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376(9753):1670–1681. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61350-5
  52. ONTARGET Investigators, Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(15):1547–1559. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0801317
  53. Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome incidence in hypertension. J Hypertens. 2017;35(5):922–944. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001276
  54. Grenier J, Goodman SG, Leiter LA, Langer A, Teoh H, Bhatt DL, et al. Blood Pressure Management in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From the Diabetes Mellitus Status in Canada (DM-SCAN) Survey. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42(2):130–137. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.01.005
  55. ACCORD Study Group, Cushman WC, Evans GW, Byington RP, Goff DC, Grimm RH, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(17):1575–1585. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001286
  56. ГОСТ Р ИСО 15197-2015 Тест-системы для диагностики in vitro. Требования к системам мониторинга глюкозы в крови для самоконтроля при лечении сахарного диабета. Москва: Стандартинформ; 2015; 41 p.
  57. American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes— 2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S61–S70. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S006
  58. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HAW. 10-Year Follow-up of Intensive Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577–1589. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806470
  59. Sheppard P, Bending J, Huber J. Pre- and post-prandial capillary glucose self-monitoring achieves better glycaemic control than pre-prandial only monitoring. Pract Diabetes Int. 2005;22(1):15–22. doi: 10.1002/pdi.733
  60. Boutati EI, Raptis SA. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as Part of the Integral Care of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(suppl_2):S205–S210. doi: 10.2337/dc09-S312
  61. Harris MI. Frequency of Blood Glucose Monitoring in Relation to Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(6):979–982. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.6.979
  62. Coster S, Gulliford MC, Seed PT, Powrie JK, Swaminathan R. Self-monitoring in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2000;17(11):755–761.
  63. Welschen LMC, Bloemendal E, Nijpels G, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, Stalman WAB, et al. Self- Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Not Using Insulin: A systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(6):1510–1517. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.6.1510
  64. Davidson MB, Castellanos M, Kain D, Duran P. The effect of self monitoring of blood glucose concentrations on glycated hemoglobin levels in diabetic patients not taking insulin: A blinded, randomized trial. Am J Med. 2005;118(4):422–425. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.12.006
  65. Davis WA, Bruce DG, Davis TME. Does self-monitoring of blood glucose improve outcome in type 2 diabetes? The Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetologia. 2007;50(3):510–515. doi: 10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0
  66. Farmer A, Wade A, Goyder E, Yudkin P, French D, Craven A, et al. Impact of self monitoring of blood glucose in the management of patients with non-insulin treated diabetes: open parallel group randomised trial. BMJ. 2007;335(7611):132. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39247.447431.BE
  67. Allemann S, Houriet C, Diem P, Stettler C. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(12):2903–2913. doi: 10.1185/03007990903364665
  68. Jansen JP. Self-monitoring of glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus:a Bayesian meta-analysis of direct and indirect comparisons. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(4):671–681. doi: 10.1185/030079906X96308
  69. McGeoch G, Derry S, Moore RA. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type-2 diabetes: what is the evidence? Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2007;23(6):423–440. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.749
  70. Poolsup N, Suksomboon N, Rattanasookchit S. Meta-Analysis of the Benefits of Self- Monitoring of Blood Glucose on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: An Update. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11(12):775–784. doi: 10.1089/dia.2009.0091
  71. St John A, Davis WA, Price CP, Davis TME. The value of self-monitoring of blood glucose: a review of recent evidence. J Diabetes Complications. 2010;24(2):129–141. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2009.01.002
  72. Towfigh A, Romanova M, Weinreb JE, Munjas B, Suttorp MJ, Zhou A, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not taking insulin: a meta-analysis. Am J Manag Care. 2008;14(7):468–475.
  73. Ham P. Glycemic control in the hospital: what to do when experts disagree. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(9):1078.
  74. Lewandrowski K. Point-of-care testing: an overview and a look to the future (circa 2009, United States). Clin Lab Med. 2009;29(3):421–432. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2009.06.015
  75. Klonoff DC, Perz JF. Assisted Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Special Safety Needs for a New Paradigm in Testing Glucose. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010;4(5):1027–1031. doi: 10.1177/193229681000400501
  76. World Health Organization. WHO injection safety. Fact sheet No. 231. Revised May 2016. Geneva; 2016;
  77. Thompson ND, Perz JF. Eliminating the blood: ongoing outbreaks of hepatitis B virus infection and the need for innovative glucose monitoring technologies. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(2):283–288. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300208
  78. Jovanovic L, Savas H, Mehta M, Trujillo A, Pettitt DJ. Frequent Monitoring of A1C During Pregnancy as a Treatment Tool to Guide Therapy. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(1):53–54. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1455
  79. Sacks DB, Bruns DE, Goldstein DE, Maclaren NK, McDonald JM, Parrott M. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem. 2002;48(3):436–472.
  80. American Diabetes Association, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, International Diabetes Federation. Consensus statement on the worldwide standardisation of the HbA1c measurement. Diabetologia. 2007;50(10):2042–2043. doi: 10.1007/s00125-007-0789-7
  81. Driskell OJ, Holland D, Waldron JL, Ford C, Scargill JJ, Heald A, et al. Reduced Testing Frequency for Glycated Hemoglobin, HbA 1c , Is Associated With Deteriorating Diabetes Control. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(10):2731–2737. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0297
  82. Consensus Committee. Consensus statement on the worldwide standardization of the hemoglobin A1C measurement: the American Diabetes Association, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and the Inte. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(9):2399–2400. doi: 10.2337/dc07-9925
  83. Sacks DB. Measurement of Hemoglobin A1c: A new twist on the path to harmony. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(12):2674–2680. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1348
  84. Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino T, Bergenstal RM, Close KL, DeVries JH, et al. International Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(12):1631–1640. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1600
  85. Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM, Amiel SA, Beck R, Biester T, et al. Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(8):1593–1603. doi: 10.2337/dci19-0028
  86. Haak T, Hanaire H, Ajjan R, Hermanns N, Riveline J-P, Rayman G. Flash Glucose-Sensing Technology as a Replacement for Blood Glucose Monitoring for the Management of Insulin- Treated Type 2 Diabetes: a Multicenter, Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Ther. 2017;8(1):55–73. doi: 10.1007/s13300-016-0223-6
  87. Beck RW, Riddlesworth TD, Ruedy K, Ahmann A, Haller S, Kruger D, et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Usual Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(6):365–374. doi: 10.7326/M16- 2855
  88. Carlson AL, Mullen DM, Bergenstal RM. Clinical Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017;19(S2):S4–S11. doi: 10.1089/dia.2017.0024
  89. Ajjan RA, Cummings MH, Jennings P, Leelarathna L, Rayman G, Wilmot EG. Optimising use of rate-of-change trend arrows for insulin dosing decisions using the FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system. Diabetes Vasc Dis Res. 2019;16(1):3–12. doi: 10.1177/1479164118795252
  90. Evert AB, Boucher JL, Cypress M, Dunbar SA, Franz MJ, Mayer-Davis EJ, et al. Nutrition Therapy Recommendations for the Management of Adults With Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(Supplement_1):S120–S143. doi: 10.2337/dc14-S120
  91. Davies MJ, D’Alessio DA, Fradkin J, Kernan WN, Mathieu C, Mingrone G, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2018;41(12):2669–2701. doi: 10.2337/dci18-0033
  92. MacLeod J, Franz MJ, Handu D, Gradwell E, Brown C, Evert A, et al. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Nutrition Practice Guideline for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: Nutrition Intervention Evidence Reviews and Recommendations. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017;117(10):1637–1658. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.03.023
  93. Mudaliar U, Zabetian A, Goodman M, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Albright AL, Gregg EW, et al. Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Changes Observed in Diabetes Prevention Programs in US Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Wareham NJ, editor. PLOS Med. 2016;13(7):e1002095. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002095
  94. Balk EM, Earley A, Raman G, Avendano EA, Pittas AG, Remington PL. Combined Diet and Physical Activity Promotion Programs to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Among Persons at Increased Risk: A Systematic Review for the Community Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(6):437–451. doi: 10.7326/M15-0452
  95. Franz MJ, Boucher JL, Rutten-Ramos S, VanWormer JJ. Lifestyle Weight-Loss Intervention Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(9):1447–1463. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.02.031
  96. Schwingshackl L, Chaimani A, Hoffmann G, Schwedhelm C, Boeing H. A network meta- analysis on the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(2):157–170. doi: 10.1007/s10654- 017-0352-x
  97. Trumbo P, Schlicker S, Yates AA, Poos M, Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine TNA. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102(11):1621–1630.
  98. Hamdy O, Mottalib A, Morsi A, El-Sayed N, Goebel-Fabbri A, Arathuzik G, et al. Long-term effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice: a 5-year longitudinal study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017;5(1):e000259. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000259
  99. Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, Brosnahan N, Thom G, McCombie L, et al. Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10120):541–551. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33102-1
  100. Mottalib A, Salsberg V, Mohd-Yusof B-N, Mohamed W, Carolan P, Pober DM, et al. Effects of nutrition therapy on HbA1c and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr J. 2018;17(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s12937-018-0351-0
  101. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas M-I, Corella D, Arós F, et al. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(25):e34. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1800389
  102. Saslow LR, Daubenmier JJ, Moskowitz JT, Kim S, Murphy EJ, Phinney SD, et al. Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized trial of a moderate-carbohydrate versus very low-carbohydrate diet in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes. Nutr Diabetes. 2017;7(12):304. doi: 10.1038/s41387-017-0006-9
  103. Emadian A, Andrews RC, England CY, Wallace V, Thompson JL. The effect of macronutrients on glycaemic control: a systematic review of dietary randomised controlled trials in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes in which there was no difference in weight loss between treatment groups. Br J Nutr. 2015;114(10):1656–1666. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515003475
  104. Gardner CD, Trepanowski JF, Del Gobbo LC, Hauser ME, Rigdon J, Ioannidis JPA, et al. Effect of Low-Fat vs Low-Carbohydrate Diet on 12-Month Weight Loss in Overweight Adults and the Association With Genotype Pattern or Insulin Secretion. JAMA. 2018;319(7):667–679. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.0245
  105. Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, Lampousi A-M, Knüppel S, Iqbal K, et al. Food groups and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(6):1462–1473. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.153148
  106. Grotz VL, Pi-Sunyer X, Porte D, Roberts A, Richard Trout J. A 12-week randomized clinical trial investigating the potential for sucralose to affect glucose homeostasis. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017;88:22–33. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.05.011
  107. Miller PE, Perez V. Low-calorie sweeteners and body weight and composition: a meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(3):765–777. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.082826
  108. Rogers PJ, Hogenkamp PS, de Graaf C, Higgs S, Lluch A, Ness AR, et al. Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies. Int J Obes. 2016;40(3):381–394. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.177
  109. Franz MJ, MacLeod J, Evert A, Brown C, Gradwell E, Handu D, et al. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Nutrition Practice Guideline for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: Systematic Review of Evidence for Medical Nutrition Therapy Effectiveness and Recommendations for Integration into the Nutrition Care Process. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017;117(10):1659–1679. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.03.022
  110. Bowen ME, Cavanaugh KL, Wolff K, Davis D, Gregory RP, Shintani A, et al. The diabetes nutrition education study randomized controlled trial: A comparative effectiveness study of approaches to nutrition in diabetes self-management education. Patient Educ Couns. 2016;99(8):1368–1376. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.03.017
  111. Savoca MR, Miller CK, Ludwig DA. Food habits are related to glycemic control among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104(4):560–566. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.013
  112. Arnold L, Mann JI, Ball MJ. Metabolic effects of alterations in meal frequency in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(11):1651–1654. doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.11.1651
  113. Marran KJ, Davey B, Lang A, Segal DG. Exponential increase in postprandial blood-glucose exposure with increasing carbohydrate loads using a linear carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio. South African Med J. 2013;103(7):461–463. doi: 10.7196/samj.6382
  114. Rossi MCE, Nicolucci A, Di Bartolo P, Bruttomesso D, Girelli A, Ampudia FJ, et al. Diabetes Interactive Diary: A New Telemedicine System Enabling Flexible Diet and Insulin Therapy While Improving Quality of Life: An open-label, international, multicenter, randomized study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(1):109–115. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1327
  115. Bergenstal RM, Johnson M, Powers MA, Wynne A, Vlajnic A, Hollander P, et al. Adjust to target in type 2 diabetes: comparison of a simple algorithm with carbohydrate counting for adjustment of mealtime insulin glulisine. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(7):1305–1310. doi: 10.2337/dc07- 2137
  116. Tunbridge FK, Home PD, Murphy M, Alberti KG. Does flexibility at mealtimes disturb blood glucose control on a multiple insulin injection regimen? Diabet Med. 1991;8(9):833–838. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1991.tb02121.x
  117. Huckvale K, Adomaviciute S, Prieto JT, Leow MK-S, Car J. Smartphone apps for calculating insulin dose: a systematic assessment. BMC Med. 2015;13(1):106. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0314-7
  118. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th Edition. Washington; 2015;
  119. Hegde S V., Adhikari P, M N, D’Souza V. Effect of daily supplementation of fruits on oxidative stress indices and glycaemic status in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2013;19(2):97–100. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2012.12.002
  120. Shin JY, Kim JY, Kang HT, Han KH, Shim JY. Effect of fruits and vegetables on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(4):416–425. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1025716
  121. Petersen KS, Clifton PM, Blanch N, Keogh JB. Effect of improving dietary quality on carotid intima media thickness in subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a 12-mo randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(4):771–779. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.112151
  122. Viguiliouk E, Kendall CWC, Blanco Mejia S, Cozma AI, Ha V, Mirrahimi A, et al. Effect of tree nuts on glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled dietary trials. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e103376. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103376
  123. Hollænder PLB, Ross AB, Kristensen M. Whole-grain and blood lipid changes in apparently healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(3):556–572. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.109165
  124. Te Morenga LA, Howatson AJ, Jones RM, Mann J. Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of the effects on blood pressure and lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(1):65–79. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.081521
  125. Wang X, Ouyang Y, Liu J, Zhu M, Zhao G, Bao W, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2014;349:g4490. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g4490
  126. Ekinci EI, Clarke S, Thomas MC, Moran JL, Cheong K, MacIsaac RJ, et al. Dietary salt intake and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(3):703–709. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1723
  127. Azadbakht L, Fard NRP, Karimi M, Baghaei MH, Surkan PJ, Rahimi M, et al. Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on cardiovascular risks among type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized crossover clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(1):55–57. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0676
  128. Chiavaroli L, de Souza RJ, Ha V, Cozma AI, Mirrahimi A, Wang DD, et al. Effect of Fructose on Established Lipid Targets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4(9):e001700. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001700
  129. Mozaffarian D. Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity. Circulation. 2016;133(2):187–225. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018585
  130. Blomster JI, Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Li Q, Chow CK, Woodward M, et al. The relationship between alcohol consumption and vascular complications and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(5):1353–1359. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2727
  131. Ahmed AT, Karter AJ, Warton EM, Doan JU, Weisner CM. The relationship between alcohol consumption and glycemic control among patients with diabetes: the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(3):275–282. doi: 10.1007/s11606-007-0502- z
  132. Pietraszek A, Gregersen S, Hermansen K. Alcohol and type 2 diabetes. A review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;20(5):366–375. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.05.001
  133. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. Washington; 2018;
  134. Boulé NG, Haddad E, Kenny GP, Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA. 2001;286(10):1218–1227. doi: 10.1001/jama.286.10.1218
  135. Rejeski WJ, Ip EH, Bertoni AG, Bray GA, Evans G, Gregg EW, et al. Lifestyle Change and Mobility in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(13):1209–1217. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1110294
  136. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, Regensteiner JG, Blissmer BJ, Rubin RR, et al. Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes: The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement executive summary. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(12):2692–2696. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1548
  137. Church TS, Blair SN, Cocreham S, Johannsen N, Johnson W, Kramer K, et al. Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Hemoglobin A 1c Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA. 2010;304(20):2253–2262. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1710
  138. Sluik D, Buijsse B, Muckelbauer R, Kaaks R, Teucher B, Johnsen NF, et al. Physical Activity and Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(17):1285–1295. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3130
  139. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, et al. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11):2065–2079. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1728
  140. Jelleyman C, Yates T, O’Donovan G, Gray LJ, King JA, Khunti K, et al. The effects of high- intensity interval training on glucose regulation and insulin resistance: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2015;16(11):942–961. doi: 10.1111/obr.12317
  141. Little JP, Gillen JB, Percival ME, Safdar A, Tarnopolsky MA, Punthakee Z, et al. Low-volume high-intensity interval training reduces hyperglycemia and increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(6):1554–1560. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00921.2011
  142. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2008;
  143. Maruthur NM, Tseng E, Hutfless S, Wilson LM, Suarez-Cuervo C, Berger Z, et al. Diabetes Medications as Monotherapy or Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164(11):740–751. doi: 10.7326/M15-2650
  144. Federation ID. IDF Clinical Practice Recommendations for managing Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2017; 34 p.
  145. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S, et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117– 2128. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720
  146. Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, de Zeeuw D, Fulcher G, Erondu N, et al. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644–657. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1611925
  147. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O, Kato ET, Cahn A, et al. Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(4):347–357. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812389
  148. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JFE, Nauck MA, et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311–322. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1603827
  149. Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, Diaz R, Lakshmanan M, Pais P, et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo- controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;:pii: S0140-6736(19)31149-3 [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31149-3
  150. Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, Jódar E, Leiter LA, et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834–1844. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607141
  151. Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, Goodrich EL, Bonaca MP, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet. 2019;393(10166):31–39. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32590-X
  152. Bethel MA, Patel RA, Merrill P, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, Mentz RJ, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta- analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(2):105–113. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30412-6
  153. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JFE, Nauck MA, et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311–322. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1603827
  154. Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, Goodrich EL, Furtado RHM, et al. Comparison of the Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Prevention of Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation. 2019;139(17):2022–2031. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038868
  155. Singh AK, Singh R. Heart failure hospitalization with SGLT-2 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled and observational studies. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2019;12(4):299–308. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1588110
  156. Wanner C, Lachin JM, Inzucchi SE, Fitchett D, Mattheus M, George J, et al. Empagliflozin and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Established Cardiovascular Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease. Circulation. 2018;137(2):119–129. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028268
  157. Mann JFE, Ørsted DD, Brown-Frandsen K, Marso SP, Poulter NR, Rasmussen S, et al. Liraglutide and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(9):839–848. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1616011
  158. Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, Diaz R, Lakshmanan M, Pais P, et al. Dulaglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10193):131–138. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31150-X
  159. Erpeldinger S, Rehman MB, Berkhout C, Pigache C, Zerbib Y, Regnault F, et al. Efficacy and safety of insulin in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Endocr Disord. 2016;16(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12902-016-0120-z
  160. Owens DR, Traylor L, Mullins P, Landgraf W. Patient-level meta-analysis of efficacy and hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes initiating insulin glargine 100U/mL or neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin analysed according to concomitant oral antidiabetes therapy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;124:57–65. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.10.022
  161. Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ, Аметов АС, Анциферов МБ, Галстян ГР, Майоров АЮ, et al. Инициация и интенсификация сахароснижающей терапии у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа: обновление консенсуса совета экспертов Российской ассоциации эндокринологов (2015). Сахарный диабет. 2015;18(1):5–23. doi: 10.14341/DM201515-23
  162. Raskin P, Allen E, Hollander P, Lewin A, Gabbay RA, Hu P, et al. Initiating Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A comparison of biphasic and basal insulin analogs. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(2):260–265. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.2.260
  163. Porcellati F, Lucidi P, Cioli P, Candeloro P, Marinelli Andreoli A, Marzotti S, et al. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Insulin Glargine Given in the Evening as Compared With in the Morning in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(3):503–512. doi: 10.2337/dc14- 0649
  164. Wang Z, Hedrington MS, Gogitidze Joy N, Briscoe VJ, Richardson MA, Younk L, et al. Dose- Response Effects of Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(7):1555–1560. doi: 10.2337/dc09-2011
  165. Cai X, Gao X, Yang W, Ji L. Comparison between insulin degludec/liraglutide treatment and insulin glargine/lixisenatide treatment in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2017;18(17):1789–1798. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1400011
  166. Gough SCL, Bode B, Woo V, Rodbard HW, Linjawi S, Poulsen P, et al. Efficacy and safety of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) compared with its components given alone: results of a phase 3, open-label, randomised, 26-week, treat-to-target trial in insulin-naive patients with type 2 di. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(11):885–893. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70174-3
  167. Rosenstock J, Aronson R, Grunberger G, Hanefeld M, Piatti P, Serusclat P, et al. Benefits of LixiLan, a Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combination of Insulin Glargine Plus Lixisenatide, Versus Insulin Glargine and Lixisenatide Monocomponents in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Agents: The LixiLan-O Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11):2026–2035. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0917
  168. Singh SR, Ahmad F, Lal A, Yu C, Bai Z, Bennett H. Efficacy and safety of insulin analogues for the management of diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Can Med Assoc J. 2009;180(4):385–397. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.081041
  169. Horvath K, Jeitler K, Berghold A, Ebrahim SH, Gratzer TW, Plank J, et al. Long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD005613. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005613.pub3
  170. Monami M, Marchionni N, Mannucci E. Long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH human insulin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008;81(2):184–189. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.04.007
  171. Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J. The Treat-to-Target Trial: Randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11):3080–3086. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3080
  172. Hermansen K, Davies M, Derezinski T, Martinez Ravn G, Clauson P, Home P. A 26-Week, Randomized, Parallel, Treat-to-Target Trial Comparing Insulin Detemir With NPH Insulin as Add- On Therapy to Oral Glucose-Lowering Drugs in Insulin-Naive People With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(6):1269–1274. doi: 10.2337/dc05-1365
  173. Bolli GB, Riddle MC, Bergenstal RM, Ziemen M, Sestakauskas K, Goyeau H, et al. New insulin glargine 300 U/ml compared with glargine 100 U/ml in insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes on oral glucose-lowering drugs: a randomized controlled trial (EDITION 3). Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2015;17(4):386–394. doi: 10.1111/dom.12438
  174. Terauchi Y, Koyama M, Cheng X, Takahashi Y, Riddle MC, Bolli GB, et al. New insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus glargine 100 U/ml in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin and oral antihyperglycaemic drugs: glucose control and hypoglycaemia in a randomized controlled trial (EDITION JP 2). Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2016;18(4):366–374. doi: 10.1111/dom.12618
  175. Yki-Järvinen H, Bergenstal RM, Bolli GB, Ziemen M, Wardecki M, Muehlen-Bartmer I, et al. Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus insulin glargine 100 U/ml in people with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin and oral antihyperglycaemic drugs: the EDITION 2 randomized 12-month trial including 6-month extensi. Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2015;17(12):1142–1149. doi: 10.1111/dom.12532
  176. Marso SP, McGuire DK, Zinman B, Poulter NR, Emerson SS, Pieber TR, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Degludec versus Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(8):723–732. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615692
  177. Rodbard HW, Cariou B, Zinman B, Handelsman Y, Philis-Tsimikas A, Skjøth T V., et al. Comparison of insulin degludec with insulin glargine in insulin-naive subjects with Type 2 diabetes: a 2-year randomized, treat-to-target trial. Diabet Med. 2013;30(11):1298–1304. doi: 10.1111/dme.12303
  178. Wysham C, Bhargava A, Chaykin L, de la Rosa R, Handelsman Y, Troelsen LN, et al. Effect of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine U100 on Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA. 2017;318(1):45–56. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.7117
  179. Zinman B, Philis-Tsimikas A, Cariou B, Handelsman Y, Rodbard HW, Johansen T, et al. Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine in Insulin-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 1-year, randomized, treat-to-target trial (BEGIN Once Long). Diabetes Care. 2012;35(12):2464–2471. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1205
  180. Madenidou A-V, Paschos P, Karagiannis T, Katsoula A, Athanasiadou E, Kitsios K, et al. Comparative Benefits and Harms of Basal Insulin Analogues for Type 2 Diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(3):165–174. doi: 10.7326/M18-0443
  181. Roussel R, Ritzel R, Boëlle-Le Corfec E, Balkau B, Rosenstock J. Clinical perspectives from the BEGIN and EDITION programmes: Trial-level meta-analyses outcomes with either degludec or glargine 300 U/mL vs glargine 100 U/mL in T2DM. Diabetes Metab. 2018;44(5):402–409. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2018.02.002
  182. Davidson JA, Liebl A, Christiansen JS, Fulcher G, Ligthelm RJ, Brown P, et al. Risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia with biphasic insulin aspart 30 compared with biphasic human insulin 30 in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Clin Ther. 2009;31(8):1641–1651. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.08.011
  183. Rys P, Wojciechowski P, Siejka S, Małecki P, Hak Ł, Malecki MT. A comparison of biphasic insulin aspart and insulin glargine administered with oral antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract. 2014;68(3):304–313. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12337
  184. Riddle MC, Yki-Järvinen H, Bolli GB, Ziemen M, Muehlen-Bartmer I, Cissokho S, et al. One- year sustained glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/ml compared with 100 U/ml in people with type 2 diabetes using basal plus meal-time insulin: the EDITION 1 12-month randomized trial, including 6-month extension. Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2015;17(9):835–842. doi: 10.1111/dom.12472
  185. Heller S, Bode B, Kozlovski P, Svendsen AL. Meta-analysis of insulin aspart versus regular human insulin used in a basal-bolus regimen for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes. 2013;5(4):482–491. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12060
  186. Mannucci E, Monami M, Marchionni N. Short-acting insulin analogues vs. regular human insulin in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2009;11(1):53–59. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00934.x
  187. Rodbard HW, Visco VE, Andersen H, Hiort LC, Shu DH. Treatment intensification with stepwise addition of prandial insulin aspart boluses compared with full basal-bolus therapy (FullSTEP Study): a randomised, treat-to-target clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(1):30–37. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70090-1
  188. Diamant M, Nauck MA, Shaginian R, Malone JK, Cleall S, Reaney M, et al. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist or Bolus Insulin With Optimized Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(10):2763–2773. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0876
  189. Eng C, Kramer CK, Zinman B, Retnakaran R. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and basal insulin combination treatment for the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2014;384(9961):2228–2234. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61335-0
  190. Maiorino MI, Chiodini P, Bellastella G, Capuano A, Esposito K, Giugliano D. Insulin and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(4):614–624. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1957
  191. Buse JB, Vilsbøll T, Thurman J, Blevins TC, Langbakke IH, Bøttcher SG, et al. Contribution of Liraglutide in the Fixed-Ratio Combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide (IDegLira). Diabetes Care. 2014;37(11):2926–2933. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0785
  192. Aroda VR, Rosenstock J, Wysham C, Unger J, Bellido D, González-Gálvez G, et al. Efficacy and Safety of LixiLan, a Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combination of Insulin Glargine Plus Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Basal Insulin and Metformin: The LixiLan-L Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11):1972–1980. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1495
  193. Triplitt C. How to Initiate, Titrate, and Intensify Insulin Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes. US Pharm [Internet]. 2017;32(10):10–16.
  194. Elliott J, Lawton J, Rankin D, Emery C, Campbell M, Dixon S, et al. The 5x1 DAFNE study protocol: a cluster randomised trial comparing a standard 5 day DAFNE course delivered over 1 week against DAFNE training delivered over 1 day a week for 5 consecutive weeks. BMC Endocr Disord. 2012;12(1):28. doi: 10.1186/1472-6823-12-28
  195. Haas L, Maryniuk M, Beck J, Cox CE, Duker P, Edwards L, et al. National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(Supplement_1):S100– S108. doi: 10.2337/dc13-S100
  196. Powers MA, Bardsley J, Cypress M, Duker P, Funnell MM, Hess Fischl A, et al. Diabetes Self- management Education and Support in Type 2 Diabetes: A Joint Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(7):1372–1382. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0730
  197. Майоров АЮ, Мельникова ОГ, Котешкова ОМ, Мисникова ИВ, Черникова НА. Техника инъекций и инфузии при лечении сахарного диабета. Методическое руководство. Москва: ООО “АРТИНФО”; 2018; 64 p.
  198. Frid AH, Kreugel G, Grassi G, Halimi S, Hicks D, Hirsch LJ, et al. New Insulin Delivery Recommendations. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(9):1231–1255. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.06.010
  199. Uzun S, Inanc N, Azal S. Determining optimal needle length for subcutaneous insulin injection. J Diab Nurs [Internet]. 2001;5(10):83–87.
  200. Hirsch LJ, Gibney MA, Albanese J, Qu S, Kassler-Taub K, Klaff LJ, et al. Comparative glycemic control, safety and patient ratings for a new 4 mm × 32G insulin pen needle in adults with diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(6):1531–1541. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2010.482499
  201. Miwa T, Itoh R, Kobayashi T, Tanabe T, Shikuma J, Takahashi T, et al. Comparison of the Effects of a New 32-Gauge×4-mm Pen Needle and a 32-Gauge×6-mm Pen Needle on Glycemic Control, Safety, and Patient Ratings in Japanese Adults with Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012;14(12):1084–1090. doi: 10.1089/dia.2012.0170
  202. Nagai Y, Ohshige T, Arai K, Kobayashi H, Sada Y, Ohmori S, et al. Comparison Between Shorter Straight and Thinner Microtapered Insulin Injection Needles. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2013;15(7):550–555. doi: 10.1089/dia.2012.0334
  203. Bergenstal RM, Strock ES, Peremislov D, Gibney MA, Parvu V, Hirsch LJ. Safety and Efficacy of Insulin Therapy Delivered via a 4mm Pen Needle in Obese Patients With Diabetes. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(3):329–338. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.12.014
  204. Kreugel G, Kees J, Jongbloed A, Verweij-Gjaltema A, Wolffenbuttel B. The influence of needle length on glycemic control and patient preference in obese diabetic patients. Diabetes [Internet]. 2009;58:A117.
  205. Schwartz S, Hassman D, Shelmet J, Sievers R, Weinstein R, Liang J, et al. A multicenter, open- label, randomized, two-period crossover trial comparing glycemic control, satisfaction, and preference achieved with a 31 gauge x 6 mm needle versus a 29 gauge x 12.7 mm needle in obese patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2004;26(10):1663–1678. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2004.10.007
  206. Strauss K, Hannet I, McGonigle J, Parkes J, Ginsberg B, Jamal R, et al. Ultra-short (5 mm) insulin needles: Trial results and clinical recommendations. Pract Diabetes Int. 1999;16(7):218– 222. doi: 10.1002/pdi.1960160711
  207. Kreugel G, Keers JC, Kerstens MN, Wolffenbuttel BHR. Randomized Trial on the Influence of the Length of Two Insulin Pen Needles on Glycemic Control and Patient Preference in Obese Patients with Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011;13(7):737–741. doi: 10.1089/dia.2011.0010
  208. McKay M, Compion G, Lytzen L. A Comparison of Insulin Injection Needles on Patients’ Perceptions of Pain, Handling, and Acceptability: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Study in Subjects with Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11(3):195–201. doi: 10.1089/dia.2008.0054
  209. Birkebaek NH, Solvig J, Hansen B, Jorgensen C, Smedegaard J, Christiansen JS. A 4-mm Needle Reduces the Risk of Intramuscular Injections Without Increasing Backflow to Skin Surface in Lean Diabetic Children and Adults. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(9):e65. doi: 10.2337/dc08-0977
  210. Schuler G, Pelz K, Kerp L. Is the reuse of needles for insulin injection systems associated with a higher risk of cutaneous complications? Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1992;16(3):209–212.
  211. Johansson U-B, Amsberg S, Hannerz L, Wredling R, Adamson U, Arnqvist HJ, et al. Impaired Absorption of Insulin Aspart From Lipohypertrophic Injection Sites. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(8):2025–2027. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.8.2025
  212. Chowdhury TA, Escudier V. Poor glycaemic control caused by insulin induced lipohypertrophy. BMJ. 2003;327(7411):383–384. doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7411.383
  213. Chantelau E, Lee DM, Hemmann DM, Zipfel U, Echterhoff S. What makes insulin injections painful? BMJ. 1991;303(6793):26–27. doi: 10.1136/bmj.303.6793.26
  214. Caffrey R. Are All Syringes Created Equal?: How to choose and use today’s insulin syringes. Am J Nurs [Internet]. 2003;103(6):46–49.
  215. Braak EWT, Woodworth JR, Bianchi R, Cerimele B, Erkelens DW, Thijssen JHH, et al. Injection Site Effects on the Pharmacokinetics and Glucodynamics of Insulin Lispro and Regular Insulin. Diabetes Care. 1996;19(12):1437–1440. doi: 10.2337/diacare.19.12.1437
  216. Frid A. Fat thickness and insulin administration, what do we know? Infusystems Int [Internet]. 2006;5(3):17–19.
  217. Lippert WC, Wall EJ. Optimal Intramuscular Needle-Penetration Depth. Pediatrics. 2008;122(3):e556–e563. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-0374
  218. Sonoki K, Yoshinari M, Iwase M, Tashiro K, Iino K, Wakisaka M, et al. Regurgitation of Blood into Insulin Cartridges in the Pen-like Injectors. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(3):603–604. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.3.603
  219. Shikata T, Karasawa T, Abe K, Uzawa T, Suzuki H, Oda T, et al. Hepatitis B e Antigen and Infectivity of Hepatitis B Virus. J Infect Dis. 1977;136(4):571–576. doi: 10.1093/infdis/136.4.571
  220. Scioli D, Pizzella T, Vollaro L, Nardiello S, De Feo L. The action of VIRKON No Foam on the hepatitis B virus. Eur J Epidemiol. 1997;13(8):879–883. doi: 10.1023/A:1007399926095
  221. Herdman ML, Larck C, Schliesser SH, Jelic TM. Biological contamination of insulin pens in a hospital setting. Am J Heal Pharm. 2013;70(14):1244–1248. doi: 10.2146/ajhp120728
  222. Cochran J, Conn VS. Meta-analysis of Quality of Life Outcomes Following Diabetes Self- management Training. Diabetes Educ. 2008;34(5):815–823. doi: 10.1177/0145721708323640
  223. Foster G, Taylor SJC, Eldridge SE, Ramsay J, Griffiths CJ. Self-management education programmes by lay leaders for people with chronic conditions. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2007; (4):CD005108. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005108.pub2
  224. Johnson TM, Murray MR, Huang Y. Associations Between Self-Management Education and Comprehensive Diabetes Clinical Care. Diabetes Spectr. 2010;23(1):41–46. doi: 10.2337/diaspect.23.1.41
  225. Rubino F, Nathan DM, Eckel RH, Schauer PR, Alberti KGMM, Zimmet PZ, et al. Metabolic Surgery in the Treatment Algorithm for Type 2 Diabetes: A Joint Statement by International Diabetes Organizations. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(6):861–877. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0236
  226. Cummings DE, Rubino F. Metabolic surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Diabetologia. 2018;61(2):257–264. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4513-y
  227. Дедов ИИ, Мельниченко ГА, Шестакова МВ, Трошина ЕА, Мазурина НВ, Шестакова ЕА, et al. Национальные клинические рекомендации по лечению морбидного ожирения у взрослых. 3-ий пересмотр (лечение морбидного ожирения у взрослых). Ожирение и метаболизм [Internet]. 2018;15(1):53–70. doi: 10.14341/OMET2018153-70
  228. Buchwald H, Estok R, Fahrbach K, Banel D, Jensen MD, Pories WJ, et al. Weight and Type 2 Diabetes after Bariatric Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2009;122(3):248- 256.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.041
  229. Mechanick JI, Youdim A, Jones DB, Garvey WT, Hurley DL, McMahon MM, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative nutritional, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of the bariatric surgery patient-2013 update: Cosponsored by american association of clinical endocrinologists, The obesity society, and american society fo. Obesity. 2013;21(S1):S1–S27. doi: 10.1002/oby.20461
  230. Busetto L, Dicker D, Azran C, Batterham RL, Farpour-Lambert N, Fried M, et al. Practical Recommendations of the Obesity Management Task Force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity for the Post-Bariatric Surgery Medical Management. Obes Facts. 2017;10(6):597– 632. doi: 10.1159/000481825
  231. Beck J, Greenwood DA, Blanton L, Bollinger ST, Butcher MK, Condon JE, et al. 2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(10):1409–1419. doi: 10.2337/dci17-0025
  232. Muhlhauser I, Berger M. Patient education - evaluation of a complex intervention. Diabetologia. 2002;45(12):1723–1733. doi: 10.1007/s00125-002-0987-2
  233. Майоров АЮ, Суркова ЕВ, Мотовилин ОГ, Мельникова ОГ, Шишкова ЮА. Обучение больных диабетом: синтез доказательной медицины и психологического подхода. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2011;14(1):46–52. doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-6249
  234. Deakin T, Whitham C. Structured patient education: the X-PERT Programme. Br J Community Nurs. 2009;14(9):398–404. doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2009.14.9.43916
  235. Clark M. Diabetes self-management education: A review of published studies. Prim Care Diabetes. 2008;2(3):113–120. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2008.04.004
  236. Steinsbekk A, Rygg L, Lisulo M, Rise MB, Fretheim A. Group based diabetes self-management education compared to routine treatment for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12(1):213. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-213
  237. Deakin T, McShane CE, Cade JE, Williams RDRR. Group based training for self-management strategies in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2005;(2):CD003417. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003417.pub2
  238. Norris SL, Lau J, Smith SJ, Schmid CH, Engelgau MM. Self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of the effect on glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(7):1159–1171. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.7.1159
  239. He X, Li J, Wang B, Yao Q, Li L, Song R, et al. Diabetes self-management education reduces risk of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2017;55(3):712–731. doi: 10.1007/s12020-016-1168-2
  240. Assal JP. Educating the diabetic patient: which programme is specific to IDDM and to NIDDM? In: de Gryter W, editor. Concepts for the ideal diabetes clinic [Internet]. New Yourk; 1992; p. 89–104.
  241. Анциферов МБ, Майоров АЮ, Суркова ЕВ, Мартынов ВЛ. Пособие для врачей «Структурированные программы обучения больных сахарным диабетом». Дедов ИИ, editor. 2003;
  242. Майоров АЮ, Суркова ЕВ, Галстян ГР, Токмакова АЮ. Структурированная программа обучения больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа на инсулинотерапии (с набором плакатов и карточек продуктов). 2006;
  243. Мельниченко ГА, Суркова ЕВ, Майоров АЮ, Галстян ГР, Токмакова АЮ, Дедов ИИ. Результаты применения структурированной программы обучения больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа на инсулинотерапии. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2008;11(4):71–75. doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5595
  244. Duncan I, Ahmed T, Li Q (Emily), Stetson B, Ruggiero L, Burton K, et al. Assessing the Value of the Diabetes Educator. Diabetes Educ. 2011;37(5):638–657. doi: 10.1177/0145721711416256
  245. DESG Working Group. Basic Curriculum for Health Сare Professionals on Diabetes Therapeutic Education. 2001;
  246. Дедов ИИ, Суркова ЕВ, Майоров АЮ, Галстян ГР, Анциферов МБ, Токмакова АЮ. Программа подготовки специалистов в области обучения больных сахарным диабетом. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2003;6(1):44–47. doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-6045
  247. Дедов ИИ, Суркова ЕВ, Майоров АЮ, Галстян ГР, Токмакова АЮ. Терапевтическое обучение больных сахарным диабетом. Москва: Реафарм; 2004; 200 p.
  248. Суркова ЕВ, Майоров АЮ, Галстян ГР, Токмакова АЮ. Обучение больных сахарным диабетом: Руководство для эндокринологов. Дедов ИИ, editor. Москва: Медицина для Вас; 2007;
  249. Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения. Терапевтическое обучение больных. Программы непрерывного обучения для работников здравоохранения в области профилактики хронических заболеваний. Отчет рабочей группы ВОЗ. Москва; 1998;
  250. Sadosky A, Schaefer C, Mann R, Bergstrom F, Baik R, Parsons B, et al. Burden of illness associated with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy among adults seeking treatment in the US: results from a retrospective chart review and cross-sectional survey. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2013;6:79–92. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S37415
  251. Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, McNicol E, Baron R, Dworkin RH, et al. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14(2):162–173. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70251-0
  252. Tesfaye S, Wilhelm S, Lledo A, Schacht A, Tölle T, Bouhassira D, et al. Duloxetine and pregabalin: High-dose monotherapy or their combination? The “COMBO-DN study” – a multinational, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain. 2013;154(12):2616–2625. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.043
  253. Waldfogel JM, Nesbit SA, Dy SM, Sharma R, Zhang A, Wilson LM, et al. Pharmacotherapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain and quality of life. Neurology. 2017;88(20):1958–1967. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003882
  254. Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Bell RF, Rice AS, Tölle TR, Phillips T, et al. Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;6:CD007938. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007938.pub4
  255. Wernicke JF, Pritchett YL, D’Souza DN, Waninger A, Tran P, Iyengar S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Neurology. 2006;67(8):1411– 1420. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000240225.04000.1a
  256. Schwartz S, Etropolski M, Shapiro DY, Okamoto A, Lange R, Haeussler J, et al. Safety and efficacy of tapentadol ER in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: results of a randomized-withdrawal, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011;27(1):151–162. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2010.537589
  257. Seaquist ER, Anderson J, Childs B, Cryer P, Dagogo-Jack S, Fish L, et al. Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(5):1384–1395. doi: 10.2337/dc12-2480
  258. Cryer PE. Diverse Causes of Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure in Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(22):2272–2279. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra031354
  259. Seaquist ER, Anderson J, Childs B, Cryer P, Dagogo-Jack S, Fish L, et al. Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(5):1845–1859. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-4127
  260. Slama G, Traynard PY, Desplanque N, Pudar H, Dhunputh I, Letanoux M, et al. The search for an optimized treatment of hypoglycemia. Carbohydrates in tablets, solutin, or gel for the correction of insulin reactions. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150(3):589–593.
  261. Cryer PE, Preceded by: Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia in diabetes : pathophysiology, prevalence, and prevention [Internet]. American Diabetes Association; 2016; 254 p.
  262. Karter AJ, Moffet HH, Liu JY, Lipska KJ. Surveillance of Hypoglycemia—Limitations of Emergency Department and Hospital Utilization Data. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(7):987–988. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.1014
  263. Eli Lilly Canada Inc. Glucagon (rDNA Origin) Product Monograph. Toronto; 2012; 32 p.
  264. Nordisk N. GlucaGen® (glucagon) Product monograph. Bagsvaerd; 2002;
  265. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, et al. Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Changes in Lifestyle among Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(18):1343–1350. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200105033441801
  266. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(6):393–403. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012512
  267. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Knowler WC, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Christophi CA, Hoffman HJ, et al. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet (London, England). 2009;374(9702):1677– 1686. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61457-4
  268. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(11):866–875. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00291-0
  269. Chiasson JL, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Josse RG, Karasik A, Laakso M. The STOP-NIDDM Trial: an international study on the efficacy of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor to prevent type 2 diabetes in a population with impaired glucose tolerance: rationale, design, and preliminary screening data. Study to Prevent Non-Insulin-Depe. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(10):1720–1725. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.10.1720
  270. International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1327–1334. doi: 10.2337/dc09-9033
  271. Inker LA, Grams ME, Levey AS, Coresh J, Cirillo M, Collins JF, et al. Relationship of Estimated GFR and Albuminuria to Concurrent Laboratory Abnormalities: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis in a Global Consortium. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;73(2):206–217. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.08.013
  272. James MT, Grams ME, Woodward M, Elley CR, Green JA, Wheeler DC, et al. A Meta-analysis of the Association of Estimated GFR, Albuminuria, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension With Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(4):602–612. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.02.338
  273. Canadian Ophthalmological Society Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Practice Guideline Expert Committee, Hooper P, Boucher MC, Cruess A, Dawson KG, Delpero W, et al. Canadian Ophthalmological Society Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy - executive summary. Can J Ophthalmol. 2012;47(2):91–101. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2012.01.022
  274. Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ. Осложнения сахарного диабета: лечение и профилактика. Москва: МИА; 2017; 743 p.
  275. Tuttle KR, Bakris GL, Bilous RW, Chiang JL, de Boer IH, Goldstein-Fuchs J, et al. Diabetic kidney disease: a report from an ADA Consensus Conference. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(10):2864– 2883. doi: 10.2337/dc14-1296
  276. Fox CS, Matsushita K, Woodward M, Bilo HJG, Chalmers J, Heerspink HJL, et al. Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis. Lancet (London, England). 2012;380(9854):1662–1673. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61350-6
  277. Kramer HJ, Nguyen QD, Curhan G, Hsu C-Y. Renal insufficiency in the absence of albuminuria and retinopathy among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2003;289(24):3273–3277. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.24.3273
  278. Kasiske BL, Lakatua JD, Ma JZ, Louis TA. A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary protein restriction on the rate of decline in renal function. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;31(6):954–961.
  279. He FJ, MacGregor GA. Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD004937. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004937
  280. Mills KT, Chen J, Yang W, Appel LJ, Kusek JW, Alper A, et al. Sodium Excretion and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA. 2016;315(20):2200– 2210. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.4447
  281. Nilsson E, Gasparini A, Ärnlöv J, Xu H, Henriksson KM, Coresh J, et al. Incidence and determinants of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia in a large healthcare system. Int J Cardiol. 2017;245:277–284. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.035
  282. Zoungas S, Arima H, Gerstein HC, Holman RR, Woodward M, Reaven P, et al. Effects of intensive glucose control on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta- analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials. lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(6):431–437. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30104-3
  283. Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L, Li Q, Hirakawa Y, et al. Follow-up of Blood-Pressure Lowering and Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(15):1392–1406. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1407963
  284. Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, von Eynatten M, Mattheus M, et al. Empagliflozin and Progression of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):323–334. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1515920
  285. Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, Bompoint S, Heerspink HJL, Charytan DM, et al. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2295–2306. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811744
  286. Leehey DJ, Zhang JH, Emanuele N V., Whaley-Connell A, Palevsky PM, Reilly RF, et al. BP and Renal Outcomes in Diabetic Kidney Disease: The Veterans Affairs Nephropathy in Diabetes Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10(12):2159–2169. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02850315
  287. Emdin CA, Rahimi K, Neal B, Callender T, Perkovic V, Patel A. Blood pressure lowering in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015;313(6):603–615. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.18574
  288. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, Keane WF, Mitch WE, Parving HH, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(12):861–869. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa011161
  289. Ravid M, Savin H, Jutrin I, Bental T, Katz B, Lishner M. Long-term stabilizing effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on plasma creatinine and on proteinuria in normotensive type II diabetic patients. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118(8):577–581. doi: 10.7326/0003- 4819-118-8-199304150-00001
  290. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators, Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(3):145–153. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200001203420301
  291. Bandak G, Sang Y, Gasparini A, Chang AR, Ballew SH, Evans M, et al. Hyperkalemia After Initiating Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade: The Stockholm Creatinine Measurements (SCREAM) Project. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(7):pii: e005428. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.005428
  292. Sumida K, Molnar MZ, Potukuchi PK, George K, Thomas F, Lu JL, et al. Changes in Albuminuria and Subsequent Risk of Incident Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12(12):1941–1949. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02720317
  293. Fried LF, Emanuele N, Zhang JH, Brophy M, Conner TA, Duckworth W, et al. Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(20):1892–1903. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303154
  294. Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Chan JC, Cooper ME, Gansevoort RT, Haller H, et al. Effect of Finerenone on Albuminuria in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015;314(9):884–894. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.10081
  295. Filippatos G, Anker SD, Böhm M, Gheorghiade M, Køber L, Krum H, et al. A randomized controlled study of finerenone vs. eplerenone in patients with worsening chronic heart failure and diabetes mellitus and/or chronic kidney disease. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(27):2105–2114. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw132
  296. Smart NA, Dieberg G, Ladhani M, Titus T. Early referral to specialist nephrology services for preventing the progression to end-stage kidney disease. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2014; (6):CD007333. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007333.pub2
  297. Аветисов СЭ, Егоров ЕА, Мошетова ЛК, Нероев ВВ, Тахчиди ХП. Офтальмология. Национальное руководство. Краткое издание. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2014; 736 p.
  298. Giusti C GP. Advances in biochemical mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci [Internet]. 2007;11(3):115–163.
  299. Липатов ДВ, Викулова ОК, Железнякова АВ, Исаков МА, Бессмертная ЕГ, Толкачева АА, et al. Эпидемиология диабетической ретинопатии в Российской Федерации по данным Федерального регистра пациентов с сахарным диабетом (2013-2016 гг.). Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2018;21(4):230–240. doi: 10.14341/DM9797
  300. Kohner E, Porta M, Hyer S. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and cataract. In: Pickup JC, Williams G, editors. Textbook of diabetes [Internet]. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific; 1991; p. 564– 574.
  301. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study research group. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1. Arch Ophthalmol (Chicago, Ill 1960). 1985;103(12):1796–1806.
  302. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. VII. Diabetic nonproliferative retinal lesions. Ophthalmology. 1987;94(11):1389–1400. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33275-0
  303. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. X. Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 years or more. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107(2):244–249. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010250031
  304. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clin Diabetes. 2019;37(1):11–34. doi: 10.2337/cd18-0105
  305. Schmidt-Erfurth U, Garcia-Arumi J, Bandello F, Berg K, Chakravarthy U, Gerendas BS, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA). Ophthalmologica. 2017;237(4):185–222. doi: 10.1159/000458539
  306. Mohamed Q, Gillies MC, Wong TY. Management of Diabetic Retinopathy: a systematic review. JAMA. 2007;298(8):902–916. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.8.902
  307. Solomon SD, Chew E, Duh EJ, Sobrin L, Sun JK, VanderBeek BL, et al. Diabetic Retinopathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(3):412–418. doi: 10.2337/dc16-2641
  308. Virgili G, Menchini F, Murro V, Peluso E, Rosa F, Casazza G. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detection of macular oedema in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD008081. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008081.pub2
  309. Virgili G, Menchini F, Dimastrogiovanni AF, Rapizzi E, Menchini U, Bandello F, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography versus Stereoscopic Fundus Photography or Biomicroscopy for Diagnosing Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review. Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci. 2007;48(11):4963– 4973. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-1472
  310. Mayer-Davis EJ, Bell RA, Reboussin BA, Rushing J, Marshall JA, Hamman RF. Antioxidant nutrient intake and diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(12):2264–2270. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)91227-1
  311. Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clinical application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) findings, DRS Report Number 8. Ophthalmology. 1981;88(7):583–600.
  312. Keech AC, Mitchell P, Summanen PA, O’Day J, Davis TME, Moffitt MS, et al. Effect of fenofibrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FIELD study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370(9600):1687–1697. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61607-9
  313. Mitchell P, Bandello F, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Lang GE, Massin P, Schlingemann RO, et al. The RESTORE Study. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(4):615–625. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.01.031
  314. Elman MJ, Bressler NM, Qin H, Beck RW, Ferris FL, Friedman SM, et al. Expanded 2-Year Follow-up of Ranibizumab Plus Prompt or Deferred Laser or Triamcinolone Plus Prompt Laser for Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(4):609–614. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.12.033
  315. Nguyen QD, Brown DM, Marcus DM, Boyer DS, Patel S, Feiner L, et al. Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(4):789–801. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.12.039
  316. World Health Organization. Prevention of blindness from diabetes mellitus. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva; 2006;
  317. Wells JA, Glassman AR, Ayala AR, Jampol LM, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, et al. Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema: Two-Year Results from a Comparative Effectiveness Randomized Clinical Trial. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(6):1351–1359. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.02.022
  318. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group, Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, Cleary P, Crofford O, et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977–986. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401
  319. Thompson JT, de Bustros S, Michels RG, Rice TA. Results and Prognostic Factors in Vitrectomy for Diabetic Traction Retinal Detachment of the Macula. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105(4):497–502. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060040067035
  320. Kohner EM, Stratton IM, Aldington SJ, Holman RR, Matthews DR, UK Prospective Diabetes Study (IKPDS) Group. Relationship between the severity of retinopathy and progression to photocoagulation in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UKPDS (UKPDS 52). Diabet Med. 2001;18(3):178–184. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00458.x
  321. Shichiri M, Kishikawa H, Ohkubo Y, Wake N. Long-term results of the Kumamoto Study on optimal diabetes control in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(Suppl 2):B21–B29.
  322. Matthews DR, Stratton IM, Aldington SJ, Holman RR, Kohner EM, UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Risks of progression of retinopathy and vision loss related to tight blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: UKPDS 69. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(11):1631–1640. doi: 10.1001/archopht.122.11.1631
  323. Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, Gifford N, Schrier RW. Effect of blood pressure control on diabetic microvascular complications in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(Suppl 2):B54–B64.
  324. Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, Mehler P. Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int. 2002;61(3):1086–1097. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00213.x
  325. ACCORD Study Group, ACCORD Eye Study Group, Chew EY, Ambrosius WT, Davis MD, Danis RP, et al. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(3):233–244. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001288
  326. Do D V, Wang X, Vedula SS, Marrone M, Sleilati G, Hawkins BS, et al. Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2015;1:CD006127. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006127.pub2
  327. Misra A, Bachmann MO, Greenwood RH, Jenkins C, Shaw A, Barakat O, et al. Trends in yield and effects of screening intervals during 17 years of a large UK community-based diabetic retinopathy screening programme. Diabet Med. 2009;26(10):1040–1047. doi: 10.1111/j.1464- 5491.2009.02820.x
  328. Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJM, Feldman EL, Bril V, Freeman R, Malik RA, et al. Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):136–154. doi: 10.2337/dc16-2042
  329. Старостина ЕГ. Диабетическая нейропатия: некоторые вопросы дифференциальной диагностики и системной терапии болевого синдрома. РМЖ [Internet]. 2017;(22):1665–1676.
  330. Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Treatment-induced neuropathy of diabetes: an acute, iatrogenic complication of diabetes. Brain. 2015;138(1):43–52. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu307
  331. Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Lisabeth LL, Morgenstern LB, Longoria R, Rodgers A, et al. Role of Neurologists and Diagnostic Tests on the Management of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(9):1143–1149. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1279
  332. Dyck PJ, Albers JW, Andersen H, Arezzo JC, Biessels G-J, Bril V, et al. Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2011;27(7):620–628. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.1226
  333. Bril V, Perkins BA. Validation of the Toronto Clinical Scoring System for Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(11):2048–2052. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.11.2048
  334. Bastyr EJ, Price KL, Bril V, MBBQ Study Group. Development and validity testing of the neuropathy total symptom score-6: questionnaire for the study of sensory symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Clin Ther. 2005;27(8):1278–1294. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.08.002
  335. Xiong Q, Lu B, Ye H, Wu X, Zhang T, Li Y. The Diagnostic Value of Neuropathy Symptom and Change Score, Neuropathy Impairment Score and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Eur Neurol. 2015;74(5–6):323–327. doi: 10.1159/000441449
  336. Ismail-Beigi F, Craven T, Banerji MA, Basile J, Calles J, Cohen RM, et al. Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9739):419–430. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60576-4
  337. Pop-Busui R, Lu J, Brooks MM, Albert S, Althouse AD, Escobedo J, et al. Impact of Glycemic Control Strategies on the Progression of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) Cohort. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(10):3208– 3215. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0012
  338. Jaiswal M, Lauer A, Martin CL, Bell RA, Divers J, Dabelea D, et al. Peripheral Neuropathy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes From the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Follow-up Cohort: A pilot study. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(12):3903–3908. doi: 10.2337/dc13- 1213
  339. Young MJ, Boulton AJ, MacLeod AF, Williams DR, Sonksen PH. A multicentre study of the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United Kingdom hospital clinic population. Diabetologia. 1993;36(2):150–154.
  340. Spallone V, Morganti R, D’Amato C, Greco C, Cacciotti L, Marfia GA. Validation of DN4 as a screening tool for neuropathic pain in painful diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabet Med. 2012;29(5):578–585. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03500.x
  341. Pham H, Armstrong DG, Harvey C, Harkless LB, Giurini JM, Veves A. Screening techniques to identify people at high risk for diabetic foot ulceration: a prospective multicenter trial. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(5):606–611. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.5.606
  342. Apfel SC, Asbury AK, Bril V, Burns TM, Campbell JN, Chalk CH, et al. Positive neuropathic sensory symptoms as endpoints in diabetic neuropathy trials. J Neurol Sci. 2001;189(1–2):3–5.
  343. Kim Y, Kim H, Choi S, Park Y, Lee S, Cho B. Clinical Usefulness of the Two-site Semmes- Weinstein Monofilament Test for Detecting Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. J Korean Med Sci. 2003;18(1):103–107. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2003.18.1.103
  344. Perkins BA, Olaleye D, Zinman B, Bril V. Simple screening tests for peripheral neuropathy in the diabetes clinic. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(2):250–256. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.2.250
  345. Perkins BA, Orszag A, Ngo M, Ng E, New P, Bril V. Prediction of incident diabetic neuropathy using the monofilament examination: a 4-year prospective study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(7):1549– 1554. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1835
  346. Dyck PJ, Overland CJ, Low PA, Litchy WJ, Davies JL, Dyck PJB, et al. Signs and symptoms versus nerve conduction studies to diagnose diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: Cl vs. NPhys trial. Muscle Nerve. 2010;42(2):157–164. doi: 10.1002/mus.21661
  347. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJM, Dyck PJ, Freeman R, Horowitz M, Kempler P, et al. Diabetic Neuropathies: Update on Definitions, Diagnostic Criteria, Estimation of Severity, and Treatments. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(10):2285–2293. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1303
  348. Feldman EL, Stevens MJ, Thomas PK, Brown MB, Canal N, Greene DA. A Practical Two-Step Quantitative Clinical and Electrophysiological Assessment for the Diagnosis and Staging of Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 1994;17(11):1281–1289. doi: 10.2337/diacare.17.11.1281
  349. Devigili G, Tugnoli V, Penza P, Camozzi F, Lombardi R, Melli G, et al. The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology. Brain. 2008;131(7):1912–1925. doi: 10.1093/brain/awn093
  350. Kallinikos P, Berhanu M, O’Donnell C, Boulton AJM, Efron N, Malik RA. Corneal Nerve Tortuosity in Diabetic Patients with Neuropathy. Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci. 2004;45(2):418– 422. doi: 10.1167/iovs.03-0637
  351. Singleton JR, Smith AG, Bromberg MB. Increased Prevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Patients With Painful Sensory Neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(8):1448–1453. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.8.1448
  352. Bongaerts BWC, Rathmann W, Heier M, Kowall B, Herder C, Stöckl D, et al. Older subjects with diabetes and prediabetes are frequently unaware of having distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy: the KORA F4 study. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(5):1141–1146. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0744
  353. Ang L, Jaiswal M, Martin C, Pop-Busui R. Glucose Control and Diabetic Neuropathy: Lessons from Recent Large Clinical Trials. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(9):528. doi: 10.1007/s11892-014-0528-7
  354. Balducci S, Iacobellis G, Parisi L, Di Biase N, Calandriello E, Leonetti F, et al. Exercise training can modify the natural history of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications. 2006;20(4):216–223. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.07.005
  355. Chantelau EA, Grützner G. Is the Eichenholtz classification still valid for the diabetic Charcot foot? Swiss Med Wkly. 2014;144:w13948. doi: 10.4414/smw.2014.13948
  356. Удовиченко ОВ, Бублик ЕВ, Максимова НВ, Пряхина КЮ, Ермолаева ОС, Спруит П, et al. Эффективность иммобилизирующих разгрузочных повязок Total Contact Cast: обзор зарубежных рандомизированных клинических исследований и собственные данные. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2010;13(2):50–55. doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5674
  357. Molines L, Darmon P, Raccah D. Charcot’s foot: newest findings on its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Diabetes Metab. 2010;36(4):251–255. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.04.002
  358. Chantelau EA, Richter A. The acute diabetic Charcot foot managed on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging--a review of 71 cases. Swiss Med Wkly. 2013;143:w13831. doi: 10.4414/smw.2013.13831
  359. Schaper NC, Apelqvist J, Bakker K. Reducing lower leg amputations in diabetes: a challenge for patients, healthcare providers and the healthcare system. Diabetologia. 2012;55(7):1869–1872. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2588-z
  360. Snyder RJ, Kirsner RS, Warriner RA, Lavery LA, Hanft JR, Sheehan P. Consensus recommendations on advancing the standard of care for treating neuropathic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2010;56(4 Suppl):S1-24.
  361. Martín Noguerol T, Luna Alcalá A, Beltrán LS, Gómez Cabrera M, Broncano Cabrero J, Vilanova JC. Advanced MR Imaging Techniques for Differentiation of Neuropathic Arthropathy and Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Foot. RadioGraphics. 2017;37(4):1161–1180. doi: 10.1148/rg.2017160101
  362. Ertugrul BM, Lipsky BA, Savk O. Osteomyelitis or Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy? Differentiating these disorders in diabetic patients with a foot problem. Diabet Foot Ankle. 2013;4(1):21855. doi: 10.3402/dfa.v4i0.21855
  363. Christensen TM, Gade-Rasmussen B, Pedersen LW, Hommel E, Holstein PE, Svendsen OL. Duration of off-loading and recurrence rate in Charcot osteo-arthropathy treated with less restrictive regimen with removable walker. J Diabetes Complications. 2012;26(5):430–434. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.05.006
  364. Game FL, Catlow R, Jones GR, Edmonds ME, Jude EB, Rayman G, et al. Audit of acute Charcot’s disease in the UK: the CDUK study. Diabetologia. 2012;55(1):32–35. doi: 10.1007/s00125- 011-2354-7
  365. Cavanagh PR, Bus SA. Off-loading the diabetic foot for ulcer prevention and healing. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127 Suppl:248S-256S. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182024864
  366. Nilsson PM, Cederholm J, Zethelius BR, Eliasson BR, Eeg-Olofsson K, Gudbj Rnsdottir S. Trends in blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes: data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). Blood Press. 2011;20(6):348–354. doi: 10.3109/08037051.2011.587288
  367. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021–3104. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
  368. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Pr. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):e13–e115. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065
  369. Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, Falkner BE, Graves J, Hill MN, et al. Recommendations for Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans and Experimental Animals. Hypertension. 2005;45(1):142–161. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000150859.47929.8e
  370. Powers BJ, Olsen MK, Smith VA, Woolson RF, Bosworth HB, Oddone EZ. Measuring blood pressure for decision making and quality reporting: where and how many measures? Ann Intern Med. 2011;154(12):781–788. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-12-201106210-00005
  371. de Boer IH, Bangalore S, Benetos A, Davis AM, Michos ED, Muntner P, et al. Diabetes and Hypertension: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(9):1273–1284. doi: 10.2337/dci17-0026
  372. Bobrie G, Genès N, Vaur L, Clerson P, Vaisse B, Mallion JM, et al. Is “isolated home” hypertension as opposed to “isolated office” hypertension a sign of greater cardiovascular risk? Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(18):2205–2211.
  373. Sega R, Facchetti R, Bombelli M, Cesana G, Corrao G, Grassi G, et al. Prognostic value of ambulatory and home blood pressures compared with office blood pressure in the general population: follow-up results from the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study. Circulation. 2005;111(14):1777–1783. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000160923.04524.5B
  374. Arguedas JA, Leiva V, Wright JM. Blood pressure targets for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2013;(10):CD008277. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008277.pub2
  375. Brunström M, Carlberg B. Effect of antihypertensive treatment at different blood pressure levels in patients with diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ. 2016;352:i717. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i717
  376. Bulugahapitiya U, Siyambalapitiya S, Sithole J, Idris I. Is diabetes a coronary risk equivalent? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2009;26(2):142–148. doi: 10.1111/j.1464- 5491.2008.02640.x
  377. Dickinson HO, Mason JM, Nicolson DJ, Campbell F, Beyer FR, Cook J V, et al. Lifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2006;24(2):215–233. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000199800.72563.26
  378. Pimenta E, Gaddam KK, Oparil S, Aban I, Husain S, Dell’Italia LJ, et al. Effects of Dietary Sodium Reduction on Blood Pressure in Subjects With Resistant Hypertension. Hypertension. 2009;54(3):475–481. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.131235
  379. Sofi F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A. Accruing evidence on benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(5):1189–1196. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29673
  380. Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, Graubard BI. Association of All-Cause Mortality With Overweight and Obesity Using Standard Body Mass Index Categories. JAMA. 2013;309(1):71–82. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.113905
  381. Cushman WC, Cutler JA, Hanna E, Bingham SF, Follmann D, Harford T, et al. Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension Study (PATHS): effects of an alcohol treatment program on blood pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(11):1197–1207.
  382. Doll R, Peto R, Wheatley K, Gray R, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years’ observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 1994;309(6959):901–911. doi: 10.1136/bmj.309.6959.901
  383. Cornelissen VA, Fagard RH, Coeckelberghs E, Vanhees L. Impact of Resistance Training on Blood Pressure and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Hypertension. 2011;58(5):950–958. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.177071
  384. Bakris GL, Weir MR, Study of Hypertension and the Efficacy of Lotrel in Diabetes (SHIELD) Investigators. Achieving goal blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: conventional versus fixed-dose combination approaches. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2003;5(3):202–209.
  385. Webster R, Salam A, de Silva HA, Selak V, Stepien S, Rajapakse S, et al. Fixed Low-Dose Triple Combination Antihypertensive Medication vs Usual Care for Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension in Sri Lanka: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018;320(6):566–579. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.10359
  386. Barzilay JI, Davis BR, Bettencourt J, Margolis KL, Goff DC, Black H, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes using doxazosin vs. chlorthalidone for the treatment of hypertension in older adults with and without glucose disorders: a report from the ALLHAT study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2004;6(3):116–125.
  387. Weber MA, Bakris GL, Jamerson K, Weir M, Kjeldsen SE, Devereux RB, et al. Cardiovascular events during differing hypertension therapies in patients with diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(1):77–85. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.046
  388. Task Force Members, Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S, Andreotti F, Arden C, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(38):2949–3003. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht296
  389. Underwood SR, Anagnostopoulos C, Cerqueira M, Ell PJ, Flint EJ, Harbinson M, et al. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: the evidence. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31(2):261–291. doi: 10.1007/s00259-003-1344-5
  390. Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, Bailey CJ, Ceriello A, Delgado V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2019; doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486
  391. Bax JJ, Young LH, Frye RL, Bonow RO, Steinberg HO, Barrett EJ, et al. Screening for coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(10):2729–2736. doi: 10.2337/dc07- 9927
  392. Meyers DG, Neuberger JS, He J. Cardiovascular Effect of Bans on Smoking in Public Places. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(14):1249–1255. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.022
  393. World Health Organization. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Tobacco Control, vol. 14: Effectiveness of Tax and Price Policies for Tobacco Control. Lyon; 2011; 366 p.
  394. Critchley J, Capewell S. Smoking cessation for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD003041. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003041.pub2
  395. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas M-I, Corella D, Arós F, et al. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(14):1279–1290. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200303
  396. Yusuf S, Wittes J, Friedman L. Overview of results of randomized clinical trials in heart disease. I. Treatments following myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1988;260(14):2088–2093.
  397. Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJS, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Parkhomenko A, Borbola J, et al. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J. 2005;26(3):215–225. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi115
  398. Giugliano RP, Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Nicolau JC, Corbalán R, Špinar J, et al. Benefit of Adding Ezetimibe to Statin Therapy on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Safety in Patients With Versus Without Diabetes Mellitus: Results From IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial). Circulation. 2018;137(15):1571–1582. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030950
  399. Zhang X-L, Zhu Q-Q, Zhu L, Chen J-Z, Chen Q-H, Li G-N, et al. Safety and efficacy of anti- PCSK9 antibodies: a meta-analysis of 25 randomized, controlled trials. BMC Med. 2015;13(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0358-8
  400. ACCORD Study Group, Ginsberg HN, Elam MB, Lovato LC, Crouse JR, Leiter LA, et al. Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(17):1563–1574. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001282
  401. Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002;324(7329):71–86. doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7329.71
  402. Juul-Möller S, Edvardsson N, Jahnmatz B, Rosén A, Sørensen S, Omblus R. Double-blind trial of aspirin in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with stable chronic angina pectoris. The Swedish Angina Pectoris Aspirin Trial (SAPAT) Group. Lancet. 1992;340(8833):1421– 1425. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92619-q
  403. Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, Collet J-P, Costa F, Jeppsson A, et al. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(3):213–260. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx419
  404. Bhatt DL, Bonaca MP, Bansilal S, Angiolillo DJ, Cohen M, Storey RF, et al. Reduction in Ischemic Events With Ticagrelor in Diabetic Patients With Prior Myocardial Infarction in PEGASUS-TIMI 54. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(23):2732–2740. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.529
  405. Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, et al. Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(20):2001– 2015. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0706482
  406. Cannon CP, Harrington RA, James S, Ardissino D, Becker RC, Emanuelsson H, et al. Comparison of ticagrelor with clopidogrel in patients with a planned invasive strategy for acute coronary syndromes (PLATO): a randomised double-blind study. Lancet. 2010;375(9711):283–293. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62191-7
  407. Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, Dagenais GR, Hart RG, Shestakovska O, et al. Rivaroxaban with or without Aspirin in Stable Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(14):1319–1330. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118
  408. BARI 2D Study Group, Frye RL, August P, Brooks MM, Hardison RM, Kelsey SF, et al. A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(24):2503–2515. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0805796
  409. Abdallah MS, Wang K, Magnuson EA, Spertus JA, Farkouh ME, Fuster V, et al. Quality of life after PCI vs CABG among patients with diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310(15):1581–1590. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.279208
  410. Neumann F-J, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, Alfonso F, Banning AP, Benedetto U, et al. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(2):87–165. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy394
  411. Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet J-P, Mueller C, Valgimigli M, Andreotti F, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(3):267–315. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv320
  412. Senthinathan A, Kelly V, Dzingina M, Jones D, Baker M, Longson D, et al. Hyperglycaemia in acute coronary syndromes: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2011;343:d6646. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d6646
  413. Hong J, Zhang Y, Lai S, Lv A, Su Q, Dong Y, et al. Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(5):1304–1311. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0719
  414. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST- segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119–177. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393
  415. Hernandez A V., Usmani A, Rajamanickam A, Moheet A. Thiazolidinediones and Risk of Heart Failure in Patients with or at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2011;11(2):115–128. doi: 10.2165/11587580-000000000-00000
  416. Komajda M, McMurray JJV, Beck-Nielsen H, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Pocock SJ, et al. Heart failure events with rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes: data from the RECORD clinical trial. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(7):824–831. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp604
  417. Мареев ВЮ, Фомин ИВ, Агеев ФТ, Беграмбекова ЮЛ, Васюк ЮА, Гарганеева АА, et al. Сердечная недостаточность: хроническая и острая декомпенсированная. Диагностика, профилактика и лечение. Кардиология [Internet]. 2018;58(6S):8–158. doi: 10.18087/cardio.2475
  418. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Colvin MM, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(6):776–803. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.025
  419. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O, Kato ET, Cahn A, et al. The design and rationale for the Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events (DECLARE)-TIMI 58 Trial. Am Heart J. 2018;200:83–89. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2018.01.012
  420. McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, Køber L, Kosiborod MN, Martinez FA, et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(21):1995–2008. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911303
  421. McMurray JJV, DeMets DL, Inzucchi SE, Køber L, Kosiborod MN, Langkilde AM, et al. A trial to evaluate the effect of the sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (DAPA‐ HF). Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(5):665–675. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1432
  422. Eurich DT, Weir DL, Majumdar SR, Tsuyuki RT, Johnson JA, Tjosvold L, et al. Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Metformin in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure. Circ Hear Fail. 2013;6(3):395–402. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000162
  423. Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, Dickstein K, Gerstein HC, Køber L V., et al. Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2247– 2257. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1509225
  424. Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, Thompson VP, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, et al. Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(13):1228–1239. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1612917
  425. Azoulay L, Suissa S. Sulfonylureas and the Risks of Cardiovascular Events and Death: A Methodological Meta-Regression Analysis of the Observational Studies. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(5):706–714. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1943
  426. Masoudi FA, Inzucchi SE, Wang Y, Havranek EP, Foody JM, Krumholz HM. Thiazolidinediones, metformin, and outcomes in older patients with diabetes and heart failure: an observational study. Circulation. 2005;111(5):583–590. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000154542.13412.B1
  427. Eurich DT, Majumdar SR, McAlister FA, Tsuyuki RT, Johnson JA. Improved clinical outcomes associated with metformin in patients with diabetes and heart failure. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(10):2345–2351. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.10.2345
  428. Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E, Steg PG, Davidson J, Hirshberg B, et al. Saxagliptin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(14):1317–1326. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1307684
  429. Zannad F, Cannon CP, Cushman WC, Bakris GL, Menon V, Perez AT, et al. Heart failure and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes taking alogliptin versus placebo in EXAMINE: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9982):2067–2076. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62225-X
  430. Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW, Buse JB, Engel SS, Garg J, et al. Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(3):232–242. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1501352
  431. Rosenstock J, Perkovic V, Johansen OE, Cooper ME, Kahn SE, Marx N, et al. Effect of Linagliptin vs Placebo on Major Cardiovascular Events in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and High Cardiovascular and Renal Risk: The CARMELINA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019;321(1):69–79. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.18269
  432. Prompers L, Huijberts M, Apelqvist J, Jude E, Piaggesi A, Bakker K, et al. High prevalence of ischaemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patients with diabetic foot disease in Europe. Baseline results from the Eurodiale study. Diabetologia. 2007;50(1):18–25. doi: 10.1007/s00125- 006-0491-1
  433. Morbach S, Furchert H, Gröblinghoff U, Hoffmeier H, Kersten K, Klauke G-T, et al. Long-term prognosis of diabetic foot patients and their limbs: amputation and death over the course of a decade. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(10):2021–2027. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0200
  434. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Diabetic Foot Problems. Inpatient management of diabetic foot problems. London; 2011;
  435. Edmonds ME, Morrison N, Laws JW, Watkins PJ. Medial arterial calcification and diabetic neuropathy. BMJ. 1982;284(6320):928–930. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6320.928
  436. Feinglass J, Shively VP, Martin GJ, Huang ME, Soriano RH, Rodriguez HE, et al. How “preventable” are lower extremity amputations? A qualitative study of patient perceptions of precipitating factors. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(25):2158–2165. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2012.677936
  437. Sumpio BE, Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Andros G, SVS/APMA writing group. The role of interdisciplinary team approach in the management of the diabetic foot: a joint statement from the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Podiatric Medical Association. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51(6):1504–1506. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.04.010
  438. Ababneh M, Al Ayed MY, Robert AA, Al Dawish MA. Clinical Utility of the Ankle-Brachial Index and Toe Brachial Index in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2019;15. doi: 10.2174/1573399815666190531093238
  439. Management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC). Int Angiol. 2000;19(1 Suppl 1):1–304.
  440. Huen KH, Chowdhury R, Shafii SM, Brewster LP, Arya S, Duwayri Y, et al. Smoking Cessation Is the Least Successful Outcome of Risk Factor Modification in Uninsured Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015;29(1):42–49. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.09.014
  441. The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010;375(9733):2215–2222. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60484-9
  442. Rickels MR, Mueller R, Teff KL, Naji A. β-cell secretory capacity and demand in recipients of islet, pancreas, and kidney transplants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(3):1238–1246. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2289
  443. Российское общество ангиологов и сосудистых хирургов, Ассоциация сердечно- сосудистых хирургов России, Российское научное общество рентгенэндоваскулярных хирургов и интервенционных радиологов, Всероссийское научное общество кардиологов, Ассоциация флебологов России. Национальные рекомендации по ведению пациентов с заболеваниями артерий нижних конечностей. Москва; 2013;
  444. Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL, et al. 2016 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representati. G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 2017;18(7):547–612. doi: 10.1714/2729.27821
  445. Schaper NC, van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, Bus SA, Hinchliffe RJ, Lipsky BA, et al. IWGDF Guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease. 2019;
  446. Collins R, Burch J, Cranny G, Aguiar-Ibáñez R, Craig D, Wright K, et al. Duplex ultrasonography, magnetic resonance angiography, and computed tomography angiography for diagnosis and assessment of symptomatic, lower limb peripheral arterial disease: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;334(7606):1257. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39217.473275.55
  447. Dominguez A, Bahadorani J, Reeves R, Mahmud E, Patel M. Endovascular therapy for critical limb ischemia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2015;13(4):429–444. doi: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1019472
  448. Manzi M, Palena L, Cester G. Endovascular techniques for limb salvage in diabetics with crural and pedal disease. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2011;52(4):485–492.
  449. Belch JJF, Dormandy J. Results of the randomized, placebo-controlled clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid in bypass surgery for peripheral arterial disease (CASPAR) trial. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(4):825-833.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.04.027
  450. Cacoub PP, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Topol EJ, Creager MA. Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. Eur Heart J. 2008;30(2):192–201. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn534
  451. Aboyans V, Ricco J-B, Bartelink M-LEL, Björck M, Brodmann M, Cohnert T, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(9):763–816. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095
  452. Anand SS, Bosch J, Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Diaz R, Widimsky P, et al. Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10117):219–229. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32409-1
  453. Kronlage M, Blessing E, Müller OJ, Heilmeier B, Katus HA, Erbel C. Anticoagulation in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy has no impact on long-term follow-up after endovascular treatment of (sub)acute lower limb ischemia. Vasa. 2019;48(4):321–329. doi: 10.1024/0301- 1526/a000786
  454. Guerin A, Nisenbaum R, Ray JG. Use of Maternal GHb Concentration to Estimate the Risk of Congenital Anomalies in the Offspring of Women with Prepregnancy Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(7):1920–1925. doi: 10.2337/dc07-0278
  455. Lowe LP, Metzger BE, Dyer AR, Lowe J, McCance DR, Lappin TRJ, et al. Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study: Associations of maternal A1C and glucose with pregnancy outcomes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(3):574–580. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1687
  456. Wahabi HA, Alzeidan RA, Bawazeer GA, Alansari LA, Esmaeil SA. Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and fetal outcomes: a systematic review and meta- analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010;10(1):63. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-10-63
  457. Ray JG, O’Brien TE, Chan WS. Preconception care and the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. QJM. 2001;94(8):435–444. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/94.8.435
  458. Peterson C, Grosse SD, Li R, Sharma AJ, Razzaghi H, Herman WH, et al. Preventable health and cost burden of adverse birth outcomes associated with pregestational diabetes in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(1):74.e1-74.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.09.009
  459. Boulot P, Chabbert-Buffet N, D’Ercole C, Floriot M, Fontaine P, Fournier A, et al. French multicentric survey of outcome of pregnancy in women with pregestational diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11):2990–2993. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.2990
  460. Ekpebegh CO, Coetzee EJ, van der Merwe L, Levitt NS. A 10-year retrospective analysis of pregnancy outcome in pregestational Type 2 diabetes: comparison of insulin and oral glucose- lowering agents. Diabet Med. 2007;24(3):253–258. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02053.x
  461. Roland JM, Murphy HR, Ball V, Northcote-Wright J, Temple RC. The pregnancies of women with Type 2 diabetes: poor outcomes but opportunities for improvement. Diabet Med. 2005;22(12):1774–1777. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01784.x
  462. Pollex EK, Feig DS, Lubetsky A, Yip PM, Koren G. Insulin Glargine Safety in Pregnancy: A transplacental transfer study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(1):29–33. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1045
  463. Holcberg G, Tsadkin-Tamir M, Sapir O, Wiznizer A, Segal D, Polachek H, et al. Transfer of insulin lispro across the human placenta. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004;115(1):117–118. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.10.006
  464. Boskovic R, Feig DS, Derewlany L, Knie B, Portnoi G, Koren G. Transfer of Insulin Lispro Across the Human Placenta: In vitro perfusion studies. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(5):1390–1394. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.5.1390
  465. Suffecool K, Rosenn B, Niederkofler EE, Kiernan UA, Foroutan J, Antwi K, et al. Insulin Detemir Does Not Cross the Human Placenta. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(2):e20–e21. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2090
  466. Bullo M, Tschumi S, Bucher BS, Bianchetti MG, Simonetti GD. Pregnancy Outcome Following Exposure to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists. Hypertension. 2012;60(2):444–450. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.196352
  467. Bateman BT, Hernandez-Diaz S, Fischer MA, Seely EW, Ecker JL, Franklin JM, et al. Statins and congenital malformations: cohort study. BMJ. 2015;350(10):h1035. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h1035
  468. Chew EY, Mills JL, Metzger BE, Remaley NA, Jovanovic-Peterson L, Knopp RH, et al. Metabolic Control and Progression of Retinopathy: The Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study. Diabetes Care. 1995;18(5):631–637. doi: 10.2337/diacare.18.5.631
  469. Damm JA, Asbjornsdottir B, Callesen NF, Mathiesen JM, Ringholm L, Pedersen BW, et al. Diabetic Nephropathy and Microalbuminuria in Pregnant Women With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Prevalence, antihypertensive strategy, and pregnancy outcome. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3489–3494. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1031
  470. Ringholm L, Damm JA, Vestgaard M, Damm P, Mathiesen ER. Diabetic Nephropathy in Women With Preexisting Diabetes: From Pregnancy Planning to Breastfeeding. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(2):12. doi: 10.1007/s11892-015-0705-3
  471. Carr DB, Koontz GL, Gardella C, Holing E V, Brateng DA, Brown ZA, et al. Diabetic nephropathy in pregnancy: suboptimal hypertensive control associated with preterm delivery. Am J Hypertens. 2006;19(5):513–519. doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.12.010
  472. Nevis IF, Reitsma A, Dominic A, McDonald S, Thabane L, Akl EA, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(11):2587–2598. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10841210
  473. O’Neill SM, Kenny LC, Khashan AS, West HM, Smyth RM, Kearney PM. Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD011880. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011880.pub2
  474. Simmons D, Thompson CF, Conroy C, Scott DJ. Use of Insulin Pumps in Pregnancies Complicated by Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes in a Multiethnic Community. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(12):2078–2082. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.12.2078
  475. Murphy HR, Roland JM, Skinner TC, Simmons D, Gurnell E, Morrish NJ, et al. Effectiveness of a Regional Prepregnancy Care Program in Women With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Benefits beyond glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(12):2514–2520. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1113
  476. American Diabetes Association. 8. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes — 2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S81–S89. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S008
  477. Abell SK, Boyle JA, de Courten B, Soldatos G, Wallace EM, Zoungas S, et al. Impact of type 2 diabetes, obesity and glycaemic control on pregnancy outcomes. Aust New Zeal J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;57(3):308–314. doi: 10.1111/ajo.12521
  478. Inkster ME, Fahey TP, Donnan PT, Leese GP, Mires GJ, Murphy DJ. Poor glycated haemoglobin control and adverse pregnancy outcomes in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review of observational studies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2006;6(1):30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-6-30
  479. Wahabi HA, Esmaeil SA, Fayed A, Al-Shaikh G, Alzeidan RA. Pre-existing diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5(1):496. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-496
  480. Taylor C, McCance DR, Chappell L, Nelson-Piercy C, Thorne SA, Ismail KMK, et al. Implementation of guidelines for multidisciplinary team management of pregnancy in women with pre-existing diabetes or cardiac conditions: results from a UK national survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):434. doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1609-9
  481. Tieu J, Middleton P, Crowther CA, Shepherd E. Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and infant health. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2017;8:CD007776. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007776.pub3
  482. Meneilly GS, Knip A, Miller DB, Sherifali D, Tessier D, Zahedi A. Diabetes in Older People. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42(Suppl 1):S283–S295. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.021
  483. LeRoith D, Biessels GJ, Braithwaite SS, Casanueva FF, Draznin B, Halter JB, et al. Treatment of Diabetes in Older Adults: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(5):1520–1574. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-00198
  484. International Diabetes Federation Working Group. Managing older people with Type 2 Diabetes . Global Guideline. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2013; 94 p.
  485. American Diabetes Association. 12. Older Adults: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes— 2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S139–S147. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S012
  486. Schernthaner G, Barnett AH, Patel S, Hehnke U, von Eynatten M, Woerle H-J. Safety and efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive analysis of data from 1331 individuals aged ≥ 65 years. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16(11):1078–1086. doi: 10.1111/dom.12321
  487. Round EM, Engel SS, Golm GT, Davies MJ, Kaufman KD, Goldstein BJ. Safety of sitagliptin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of 25 clinical studies. Drugs Aging. 2014;31(3):203–214. doi: 10.1007/s40266-014-0155-7
  488. Barnett AH, Huisman H, Jones R, von Eynatten M, Patel S, Woerle H-J. Linagliptin for patients aged 70 years or older with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with common antidiabetes treatments: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;382(9902):1413–1423. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61500-7
  489. Karyekar CS, Ravichandran S, Allen E, Fleming D, Frederich R. Tolerability and efficacy of glycemic control with saxagliptin in older patients (aged ≥ 65 years) with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:419–430. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S41246
  490. Schwartz SL. Treatment of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of the benefits and risks of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2010;8(5):405–418. doi: 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2010.10.003
  491. Doucet J, Chacra A, Maheux P, Lu J, Harris S, Rosenstock J. Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011;27(4):863–869. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2011.554532
  492. Rosenstock J, Wilson C, Fleck P. Alogliptin versus glipizide monotherapy in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mild hyperglycaemia: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, 1- year study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15(10):906–914. doi: 10.1111/dom.12102
  493. Shorr RI, Ray WA, Daugherty JR, Griffin MR. Individual sulfonylureas and serious hypoglycemia in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44(7):751–755. doi: 10.1111/j.1532- 5415.1996.tb03729.x
  494. Shorr RI, Ray WA, Daugherty JR, Griffin MR. Incidence and risk factors for serious hypoglycemia in older persons using insulin or sulfonylureas. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(15):1681– 1686.
  495. Greco D, Pisciotta M, Gambina F, Maggio F. Severe hypoglycaemia leading to hospital admission in type 2 diabetic patients aged 80 years or older. Exp Clin Endocrinol diabetes. 2010;118(4):215–219. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1241823
  496. Chilcott J, Tappenden P, Jones ML, Wight JP. A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of pioglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2001;23(11):1792–1823.
  497. Loke YK, Singh S, Furberg CD. Long-term use of thiazolidinediones and fractures in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2009;180(1):32–39. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.080486
  498. Мустафина СВ, Рымар ОД, Сазонова ОВ, Щербакова ЛВ, Воевода МИ. Валидизация финской шкалы риска «FINDRISC» на европеоидной популяции Сибири. Сахарный диабет [Internet]. 2016;19(2):113–118. doi: 10.14341/DM200418-10

Для продолжения работы требуется Registration
На предыдущую страницу

Предыдущая страница

Следующая страница

На следующую страницу
Список литературы
На предыдущую главу Предыдущая глава
оглавление
Следующая глава На следующую главу